Background

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic, progressive fungal disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by a unique group of dematiaceous fungi. Fonsecaea monophora, a new species distinct from Fonsecaea pedrosoi strains, is the main pathogen responsible for chromoblastomycosis in south China. Macrophages can be polarized into two categories: classically activated and alternatively activated.

Objectives

Little is known about the relationship between F. monophora and macrophage polarization. This study aimed to study the effect of F. monophora on the polarization of THP-1 cells to macrophages.

Methods

We established coculture systems of F. monophora and THP-1-derived macrophages in different activation states.

Results

F. monophora enhanced the phagocytosis by macrophages in the initially activated state and weakened the phagocytosis by classically activated macrophages without affecting that by alternatively activated macrophages. Classically activated macrophages had the strongest killing effect on F. monophora, while the initially activated macrophages had the weakest. The pathogen could not be rapidly cleared by any type of macrophage. F. monophora promoted the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibited that of anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Conclusions

F. monophora promoted the polarization of THP-1 cells to classically activated macrophages and inhibited that of THP-1 cells to alternatively activated macrophages.

中文翻译：

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丰产单株对THP-1细胞极化对巨噬细胞的影响。

背景

色母细胞病是皮肤和皮下组织的一种慢性，进行性真菌病，是由一组独特的皮肤病真菌引起的。凤尾藻（Fonsecaea monophora）是一种不同于凤尾蕨（Fonsecaea pedrosoi）菌株的新物种，是造成华南地区成色菌病的主要病原体。巨噬细胞可分为两类：经典激活和交替激活。

目标

关于独角镰刀菌和巨噬细胞极化之间的关系知之甚少。本研究旨在研究独角莲对THP-1细胞向巨噬细胞极化的影响。

方法

我们建立了F. monophora和THP-1衍生巨噬细胞在不同激活状态下的共培养系统。

结果

F. monophora增强了处于初始激活状态的巨噬细胞的吞噬作用，并减弱了经典激活的巨噬细胞的吞噬作用，而不会影响其他激活的巨噬细胞。经典活化的巨噬细胞对单核镰刀菌的杀伤作用最强，而最初活化的巨噬细胞的杀伤力最弱。任何类型的巨噬细胞都不能迅速清除病原体。F. monophora促进促炎细胞因子的表达，并抑制抗炎细胞因子的表达。

结论

F. monophora促进THP-1细胞向经典激活的巨噬细胞极化，并抑制THP-1细胞向其他激活的巨噬细胞极化。