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Titanium-Water Heat Pipe Radiators for Space Fission Power System Thermal Management
Microgravity Science and Technology ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 , DOI: 10.1007/s12217-020-09780-5
Kuan-Lin Lee , Calin Tarau , William G. Anderson , Derek Beard

For future space transportation and planetary exploration mission power applications, NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) is currently developing a small-scale nuclear fission system (i.e. Kilopower system), which has an operable range of 1 to 10 kWe and a design life of 8 to 15 years. The thermal management system of Kilopower system involves two types of heat pipes: high temperature alkali metal heat pipes that are used to transport thermal energy from the nuclear reactor to the Stirling convertors hot end and titanium water heat pipes that are used to remove the waste heat from the convertors cold end and transport it to the radiators for ultimate rejection. This paper presents the development of the titanium water heat pipes, which are featured with a special wick structure design: it has bi-porous screened evaporator and screen-groove hybrid wick in the adiabatic and condenser sections. This will allow the heat pipe to (1) operate in space with zero gravity (2) operate on planetary surface with gravity-aided orientation (3) be tested on ground with slight adverse gravity orientation and (4) to startup smoothly after being frozen. Under a research and development program, several freeze/thaw tolerant heat pipes were designed, fabricated and experimentally validated. Later, various heat pipe radiators were developed and tested in a thermal vacuum chamber (TVC). Test results successfully demonstrated that the titanium heat pipes with radiator attached are able to transfer the required power at the working temperature of 400 K under space-like testing conditions with a thermal resistance of 0.019 °C/W while the total heat pipe radiator weight is less than 0.73 kg.

中文翻译:

用于空间裂变动力系统热管理的钛水热管散热器

对于未来的太空运输和行星探测任务的动力应用,美国宇航局格伦研究中心(GRC)目前正在开发一种小型核裂变系统(即Kilopower系统),其可运行范围为1至10 kW e设计寿命为8到15年。Kilopower系统的热管理系统涉及两种类型的热管:用于将热能从核反应堆传输到斯特林转换器热端的高温碱金属热管,以及用于去除废热的钛水热管。从转炉的冷端输送到散热器,以获得最终的拒绝率。本文介绍了钛水热管的发展,该水热管具有特殊的灯芯结构设计:在绝热和冷凝器部分具有双孔筛分蒸发器和筛沟混合芯。这将使热管能够(1)在重力为零的空间中运行(2)在重力辅助的行星表面上进行操作(3)在重力方向略有不利的地面上进行测试,以及(4)冻结后可以平稳启动。在一项研究和开发计划下,设计,制造并通过实验验证了多个耐冻融热管。后来,开发了各种热管散热器,并在热真空室(TVC)中进行了测试。测试结果成功地证明,附有散热器的钛制热管在类似太空的测试条件下能够在400 K的工作温度下以0.019°C / W的热阻传递所需的功率,而总热管散热器的重量为小于0.73公斤。在一项研究和开发计划下,设计,制造并通过实验验证了多个耐冻融热管。后来,开发了各种热管散热器,并在热真空室(TVC)中进行了测试。测试结果成功地证明,附有散热器的钛制热管在类似太空的测试条件下能够在400 K的工作温度下以0.019°C / W的热阻传递所需的功率,而总热管散热器的重量为小于0.73公斤。在一项研究和开发计划下,设计,制造并通过实验验证了多个耐冻融热管。后来,开发了各种热管散热器,并在热真空室(TVC)中进行了测试。测试结果成功地证明,附有散热器的钛制热管在类似太空的测试条件下能够在400 K的工作温度下以0.019°C / W的热阻传递所需的功率,而总热管散热器的重量为小于0.73公斤。
更新日期:2020-06-30
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