Material grain size is related to metallic material properties and its elastic behaviour. Measuring and monitoring material grain size in material manufacturing and service is an important topic in measurement field. In this paper, three materials, i.e., aluminium 2014 T6, steel BS970 and copper EN1652, were chosen to represent materials with small, medium and large grain size, respectively. Various techniques of measuring material grain size were demonstrated and compared. These techniques include the measurements from material microstructure images, backscattered ultrasonic grain noise using a conventional transducer, longitudinal wave attenuation using ultrasonic arrays and shear wave attenuation using a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) plate. It is shown that the backscattered ultrasonic noise measurement and material attenuation measurement are complementary. The former is pretty good for weak scattering materials, e.g., aluminium, while the latter for materials with large grains, e.g., steel and copper. Consistent measured grain size from longitudinal and shear wave attenuations in steel and copper suggests that shear wave attenuation can be calculated from the measured longitudinal wave attenuation integrated with Stanke–Kino’s model or Weaver’s model, if there is a difficulty to either excite or capture shear waves in practice. The outcome of the paper expects to provide a further step towards the industrial uptake of these techniques.

中文翻译：

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使用超声波对材料粒度进行实验测量的比较

材料晶粒尺寸与金属材料特性及其弹性行为有关。在材料制造和服务中测量和监测材料粒度是测量领域的一个重要课题。本文选取铝2014 T6、钢BS970和铜EN1652三种材料分别代表小、中、大晶粒尺寸的材料。展示并比较了各种测量材料粒度的技术。这些技术包括材料微观结构图像的测量、使用传统换能器的反向散射超声波颗粒噪声、使用超声波阵列的纵波衰减和使用锆钛酸铅 (PZT) 板的横波衰减。结果表明，背散射超声噪声测量和材料衰减测量是互补的。前者适用于弱散射材料，例如铝，而后者适用于大颗粒材料，例如钢和铜。钢和铜中纵波和横波衰减的一致测量晶粒尺寸表明，如果难以激发或捕获横波，横波衰减可以通过与 Stanke-Kino 模型或 Weaver 模型集成的纵波衰减进行计算在实践中。该论文的结果有望为这些技术的工业应用提供进一步的帮助。钢和铜。钢和铜中纵波和横波衰减的一致测量晶粒尺寸表明，如果难以激发或捕获横波，横波衰减可以通过与 Stanke-Kino 模型或 Weaver 模型集成的纵波衰减进行计算在实践中。该论文的结果有望为这些技术的工业应用提供进一步的帮助。钢和铜。钢和铜中纵波和横波衰减的一致测量晶粒尺寸表明，如果难以激发或捕获横波，横波衰减可以通过与 Stanke-Kino 模型或 Weaver 模型集成的纵波衰减进行计算在实践中。该论文的结果有望为这些技术的工业应用提供进一步的帮助。