Bogoslof volcano, Alaska, experienced at least 70 explosive eruptions between 12 December 2016 and 31 August 2017. Due to its remote location and limited local monitoring network, this eruption was monitored and characterized primarily using remote geophysical and satellite techniques. SO2 emissions from Bogoslof were persistently detected by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite sensors. Of Bogoslof’s 70 explosive events, 50% produced measurable SO2 masses ranging from 0.1 to 21.5 kt, with a median and standard deviation of 0.7 ± 4.0 kt SO2, respectively. Here, we compare IASI-derived SO2 masses from Bogoslof events to complementary geophysical datasets to provide insights into eruption source processes, namely the degree of seawater scrubbing of water-soluble SO2 and variations in magma flux. Correlations with the number of lightning strokes and infrasound energy are expected to indicate magma-flux as a controlling process, while correlations with infrasound frequency index are expected to indicate variations in vent-water content as a controlling factor. These comparisons suggest that the measured SO2 masses are primarily a function of eruption magnitude (degassed magma mass) and that scrubbing of SO2 emissions by vent seawater may have exerted a minor effect on the observed SO2 masses. SO2 masses were combined with petrologic constraints on melt inclusion and matrix glass S concentrations to calculate degassed magma masses and volumes. The cumulative SO2-derived degassed magma mass and estimated volume (dense-rock equivalent) for the full Bogoslof eruption were found to be 2.8 × 1010 kg and 9.3 × 106 m3, respectively. When individual event masses are compared against event masses calculated using an empirical plume-height method, a strong correlation is found (R2 = 0.83), with better than order-of-magnitude agreement in most cases. These estimates of eruption masses provide useful information on the magnitude, behavior, and associated hazards of the 2016–2017 eruption, and potentially future unrest at Bogoslof volcano.

中文翻译：

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通过评估 IASI 卫星 SO2 质量和补充数据集，对 2016-2017 年阿拉斯加博戈斯洛夫火山喷发的喷发过程和事件质量的限制

阿拉斯加的博戈斯洛夫火山在 2016 年 12 月 12 日至 2017 年 8 月 31 日期间经历了至少 70 次爆炸性喷发。由于其地处偏远且当地监测网络有限，此次喷发主要使用远程地球物理和卫星技术进行监测和表征。红外大气探测干涉仪 (IASI) 卫星传感器持续检测到 Bogoslof 的二氧化硫排放。在 Bogoslof 的 70 起爆炸事件中，50% 产生了可测量的 SO2 质量，范围从 0.1 到 21.5 kt，SO2 的中值和标准偏差分别为 0.7 ± 4.0 kt。在这里，我们将来自 Bogoslof 事件的 IASI 衍生的 SO2 质量与补充地球物理数据集进行比较，以深入了解喷发源过程，即水溶性 SO2 的海水洗涤程度和岩浆通量的变化。预计与雷击次数和次声能量的相关性表明岩浆通量是一个控制过程，而与次声频率指数的相关性预计表明喷口水含量的变化是一个控制因素。这些比较表明，测得的 SO2 质量主要是喷发幅度（脱气岩浆质量）的函数，排放海水对 SO2 排放的洗涤可能对观测到的 SO2 质量产生较小影响。SO2 质量与熔体包裹体和基质玻璃 S 浓度的岩石学限制相结合，以计算脱气岩浆的质量和体积。发现 SO2 衍生的累积脱气岩浆质量和估计体积（致密岩石当量）对于完整的 Bogoslof 喷发分别为 2.8 × 1010 kg 和 9.3 × 106 m3。当单个事件质量与使用经验羽流高度方法计算的事件质量进行比较时，发现了很强的相关性 (R2 = 0.83)，在大多数情况下具有优于数量级的一致性。这些对喷发质量的估计提供了关于 2016-2017 年喷发的规模、行为和相关危险以及博戈斯洛夫火山未来可能发生的动荡的有用信息。