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Resilience of pond communities to extreme thermal regime shifts: an alpine–montane reciprocal transplant experiment
Aquatic Sciences ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s00027-020-0709-1
Mitchell A. Johnsen , Blake R. Stuparyk , Jenna Cook , Rolf D. Vinebrooke

Elevational gradients are ideal ecological venues for testing how communities respond to environmental changes associated with global warming. Recent warming rates have been shown to increase with elevation, hypothetically translating into heat waves that more adversely affect cold-adapted alpine communities than lower montane communities exposed to cold waves. We tested this hypothesis by conducting a replicated two-factor (source × elevation) experiment involving a reciprocal transplant of regional alpine and montane pond communities across two elevational sites (2345 m versus 1390 m asl). At each elevation, half of the mesocosms were inoculated with zooplankton and sedimentary egg-banks collected from alpine ponds while the other mesocosms were similarly seeded with zooplankton and sediment collected from montane ponds in 2016. After overwintering, the mesocosms were sampled for temperature and plankton during the ice-free periods of 2017 and 2018. The mesocosms at the low elevation were 8.0 ± 1.2 °C °C warmer than those at the high elevation. Elevation significantly affected total zooplankton biomass, whereas source effects were not significant. Elevation effects revealed that the temperature difference between sites affected the phenology of species within the assembled communities, but not their total biomass. Functional trait analysis revealed that the warmer environment selected for smaller body size and asexual reproduction as a warmer thermal regime stimulated several small parthenogenetic herbivores while suppressing larger, obligate sexual omnivores. Nevertheless, thermal regime shifts did not substantially affect the abundance-weighted mean functional identities of either transferred pond community, highlighting ponds as potential sources of functional insurance against increasingly extreme climate events.

中文翻译:

池塘群落对极端热态变化的恢复力:高山-山地相互移植实验

海拔梯度是测试社区如何应对与全球变暖相关的环境变化的理想生态场所。最近的变暖率已被证明随着海拔升高而增加,假设转化为热浪,与暴露于寒潮的低山地社区相比,热浪对适应寒冷的高山社区的不利影响更大。我们通过进行重复的双因素(源×高程)实验来测试这一假设,该实验涉及跨两个高地站点(2345 m 与 1390 m asl)的区域高山和山地池塘群落的相互移植。在每个海拔处,一半的中层生态系统接种了从高山池塘收集的浮游动物和沉积卵库,而其他中层生态系统同样接种了 2016 年从山地池塘收集的浮游动物和沉积物。越冬后,对 2017 年和 2018 年无冰期的中层生物进行温度和浮游生物采样。低海拔的中层比高海拔的中层温度高 8.0 ± 1.2 °C。海拔显着影响总浮游动物生物量,而源效应不显着。海拔效应表明,地点之间的温差影响了聚集群落内物种的物候,但不影响它们的总生物量。功能性状分析显示,为较小的体型和无性繁殖选择的较温暖环境作为较温暖的热环境刺激了几种小型孤雌生殖食草动物,同时抑制了较大的专性杂食动物。尽管如此,
更新日期:2020-03-10
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