Neutron stars are compact objects rotating at high speed, up to a substantial fraction of the speed of light (up to 20% for millisecond pulsars) and possessing ultra-strong electromagnetic fields (close to and sometimes above the quantum critical field of 4.4 $\times {10}^9$ $\mathrm{T}$ ). Moreover, due to copious $e^{\pm }$ pair creation within the magnetosphere, the relativistic plasma surrounding the star is forced into corotation up to the light cylinder where the corotation speed reaches the speed of light. The neutron star electromagnetic activity is powered by its rotation which becomes relativistic in the neighborhood of this light cylinder. These objects naturally induce relativistic rotation on macroscopic scales about several thousands of kilometers, a crucial ingredient to trigger the central engine as observed on Earth. In this paper, we elucidate some of the salient features of this corotating plasma subject to efficient particle acceleration and radiation, emphasizing several problems and limitations concerning current theories of neutron star magnetospheres. Relativistic rotation in these systems is indirectly probed by the radiation produced within the magnetosphere. Depending on the underlying assumptions about particle motion and radiation mechanisms, different signatures on their light curves, spectra, pulse profiles and polarization angles are expected in their broadband electromagnetic emission. We show that these measurements put stringent constraints on the way to describe particle electrodynamics in a rotating neutron star magnetosphere.

中文翻译：

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旋转中子星磁层的电动力学和辐射

中子星是高速旋转的致密物体，其速度高达光速的相当一部分（毫秒脉冲星可达20％），并具有超强电磁场（接近甚至超过4.4的量子临界场） $\times {10}^9$ $\mathrm{Ť}$ ）。而且，由于丰富 ${Ë}^{\pm }$ 在磁层中形成一对磁极时，围绕恒星的相对论性等离子体被迫同向旋转直到光圆柱体，那里的同心旋转速度达到光速。中子星的电磁活动由其旋转提供动力，其旋转在该光柱附近变得相对论。这些物体自然地在数千公里的宏观尺度上引起相对论旋转，这是触发地球上观察到的中央引擎的关键因素。在本文中，我们阐明了这种同向旋转等离子体在有效粒子加速和辐射作用下的一些显着特征，强调了有关中子星磁层当前理论的若干问题和局限性。这些系统中的相对论旋转是由磁层内部产生的辐射间接探测到的。根据有关粒子运动和辐射机理的基本假设，在宽带电磁发射中，它们的光曲线，光谱，脉冲轮廓和极化角会有不同的特征。我们表明，这些测量对描述旋转中子星磁层中的粒子电动力学的方式施加了严格的约束。