Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a severe parasitic zoonosis caused by the metacestode of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.). The disease has a global distribution representing a significant public health concern. Based on mitochondrial DNA analysis E. granulosus s.l. has been subdivided into five species: E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) (G1, G3 genotype), E. equinus (G4 genotype), E. ortleppi (G5 genotype), E. canadensis (G6-G8, G10 genotype) and E. felidis. E. granulosus s.s., and in particular G1, is the most widespread genotype and the major responsible of human CE cases worldwide. In Italy G1 genotype is higly represented with larger percentages in some hyperendemic areas such as Sardinia. Molecular studies represent a valuable tool to improve our understanding of the E. granulosus epidemiology and CE control strategies. In the present study we investigated genetic variability of E. granulosus s.s. in Sardinia. To this purpose 83 hydatid cysts were collected from different animal species including humans and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was partially sequenced (720 bp). Nucleotide sequences from Mediterranean basin were also analyzed for comparison. The phylogenetic network revealed 30 haplotypes grouped around a predominant isolate that had been already reported from other world regions. Haplotype diversity (0.8495 ± 0.0336) and nucleotide diversity (0.003305 ± 0.002014) were similar in Sardinia respect to other Mediterranean countries. Neutrality indices obtained by Tajima's D and Fu's Fs test were significantly negative (p ≤ .01) suggesting expansion of Sardinian population. Low Fixation indices (Fst), ranging from negative values (Algeria, Greece, Spain, other part of Italy) to 0.089 (Albania, France), indicated absence of genetic differentiation, and gene flow between Sardinia and other Mediterranean countries.

囊性棘球co虫病（CE）是一种严重的寄生虫人畜共患病，由the虫棘球E虫的前肠est虫（sl）引起。该疾病在全球范围内分布，代表着重大的公共卫生问题。基于线粒体DNA分析细粒棘球绦虫SL被细分为五种：细粒棘球绦虫属狭义（SS）（G1，G3基因型），E.跖屈（G4基因型），E. ortleppi（G5基因型），E.飞蓬（G6-G8，G10基因型）和E. felidis。颗粒大肠杆菌ss，尤其是G1是全球范围内最广泛的基因型，也是人类CE病例的主要原因。在意大利，G1基因型在撒丁岛等一些高流行地区以较高比例出现。分子研究是提高我们对粒状大肠杆菌流行病学和CE控制策略的了解的宝贵工具。在本研究中，我们调查了撒丁岛中的颗粒大肠杆菌的遗传变异性。为此，从不同的动物物种（包括人类和线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基1（cox1）基因已部分测序（720 bp）。还分析了地中海盆地的核苷酸序列进行比较。系统发育网络揭示了30种单倍型，这些单倍型围绕着一个主要的分离株进行了分组，该分离株已经从世界其他地区报告过。撒丁岛的单倍型多样性（0.8495±0.0336）和核苷酸多样性（0.003305±0.002014）与其他地中海国家相似。通过田岛的d和Fu的Fs的试验中获得的中立指数均显著阴性（p  ≤0.01），表明撒丁岛群的扩增。低固定指数（Fst）从负值（阿尔及利亚，希腊，西班牙，意大利其他地区）到0.089（阿尔巴尼亚，法国）不等，这表明撒丁岛与其他地中海国家之间没有遗传分化和基因流动。