There is evidence that genetic polymorphisms and environmentally induced epigenetic changes play an important role in modifying disease risk. The commensal microbiota has the ability to affect the cellular environment throughout the body without requiring direct contact; for example, through the generation of a pro-inflammatory state. In this review, we discuss evidence that dysbiosis in intestinal, pharyngeal, oral, and ocular microbiome can lead to epigenetic reprogramming and inflammation making the host more susceptible to ocular disease such as autoimmune uveitis, age-related macular degeneration, and open angle glaucoma. Several mechanisms of action have been proposed to explain how changes to commensal microbiota contribute to these diseases. This is an evolving field that has potentially significant implications in the management of these conditions especially from a public health perspective.

中文翻译：

---

共生微生物群引起的表观遗传变化是否会导致眼部疾病的发生？证据审查。

有证据表明，遗传多态性和环境引起的表观遗传变化在改变疾病风险方面发挥着重要作用。共生微生物群无需直接接触就能影响全身的细胞环境；例如，通过产生促炎状态。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了肠道、咽部、口腔和眼部微生物群失调可导致表观遗传重编程和炎症的证据，使宿主更容易患眼部疾病，如自身免疫性葡萄膜炎、年龄相关性黄斑变性和开角型青光眼。已经提出了几种作用机制来解释共生微生物群的变化如何导致这些疾病。这是一个不断发展的领域，对这些疾病的管理具有潜在的重大影响，特别是从公共卫生的角度来看。