The freshwater fish genus Astyanax is one of the most diverse among the Characidae. The genus is defined by a combination of character states that are widely distributed in Characidae. In addition, the genus has the broadest geographical distribution in the family, being found in a great variety of environments of the Neotropical region. Although phylogenetic relationships were treated only partially, many authors agree that the genus is not monophyletic. In this contribution, we study the phylogenetic relationships of Astyanax in the context of the family Characidae, by combining morphological and molecular data. A total of 520 morphological characters, nine molecular markers and 608 taxa are analysed, of which 98 belong to Astyanax. According to our results, Astyanax is not monophyletic. We recovered species attributed to Astyanax in different subfamilies: Gymnocharacinae (including the type species), Stevardiinae and Tetragonopterinae. Among the species recovered in Gymnocharacinae, most (including the type species, the resurrected Psalidodon, and the new genus Andromakhe gen. nov.) were recovered in Gymnocharacini, while the remaining ones were recovered in Probolodini (transferred to Deuterodon or the new genus Makunaima gen. nov.).

中文翻译：

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打开特洛伊木马：Astyanax的系统发育，两个新属和Psalidodon的复活（Teleostei：Characidae）

淡水鱼属Astyanax是Characidae中种类最多的一种。属是由在Characidae中广泛分布的字符状态的组合定义的。另外，在新热带地区的各种环境中都发现该属具有最广泛的地理分布。尽管系统进化关系仅得到部分处理，但许多作者都认为该属不是单系统的。在这项贡献中，我们通过结合形态学和分子数据，研究了在Charcharae科中Astyanax的系统发育关系。共分析了520个形态特征，9个分子标记和608个分类单元，其中98个属于Astyanax。根据我们的结果，Astyanax不是单系的。我们恢复归咎于物种Astyanax在不同亚科：Gymnocharacinae（包括模式种），Stevardiinae和Tetragonopterinae。在裸藻纲中发现的物种中，大多数（包括类型物种，复活的Psalidodon和新属Andromakhe属。nov。）在裸藻纲中得到恢复，而其余物种则在Probolodini中复出（转移到Deuterodon或新的Makunaima属中）。 gen。nov。）。