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An extremely energetic supernova from a very massive star in a dense medium
Nature Astronomy ( IF 14.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-13 , DOI: 10.1038/s41550-020-1066-7
Matt Nicholl , Peter K. Blanchard , Edo Berger , Ryan Chornock , Raffaella Margutti , Sebastian Gomez , Ragnhild Lunnan , Adam A. Miller , Wen-fai Fong , Giacomo Terreran , Alejandro Vigna-Gómez , Kornpob Bhirombhakdi , Allyson Bieryla , Pete Challis , Russ R. Laher , Frank J. Masci , Kerry Paterson

The interaction of a supernova with a circumstellar medium (CSM) can dramatically increase the emitted luminosity by converting kinetic energy to thermal energy. In ‘superluminous’ supernovae of type IIn—named for narrow hydrogen lines1 in their spectra—the integrated emission can reach2,3,4,5,6 ~1051 erg, attainable by thermalizing most of the kinetic energy of a conventional supernova. A few transients in the centres of active galaxies have shown similar spectra and even larger energies7,8, but are difficult to distinguish from accretion onto the supermassive black hole. Here we present a new event, SN2016aps, offset from the centre of a low-mass galaxy, that radiated 5 × 1051 erg, necessitating a hyper-energetic supernova explosion. We find a total (supernova ejecta + CSM) mass likely exceeding 50−100 M, with energy 1052 erg, consistent with some models of pair-instability supernovae or pulsational pair-instability supernovae—theoretically predicted thermonuclear explosions from helium cores >50 M. Independent of the explosion mechanism, this event demonstrates the existence of extremely energetic stellar explosions, detectable at very high redshifts, and provides insight into dense CSM formation in the most massive stars.



中文翻译:

在稠密介质中由巨大质量恒星产生的极高能超新星

超新星与星际介质(CSM)的相互作用可以通过将动能转换为热能来显着提高发射的光度。在“superluminous”的型I在命名为窄氢行超新星1在它们的光谱-集成发射可以达到2,3,4,5,6〜10 51 通过热化最常规的超新星的动能的尔格,可实现。活跃星系中心的一些瞬变已经显示出相似的光谱甚至更大的能量7,8,但是很难与超大质量黑洞上的积聚区分开。在这里,我们提出了一个新事件SN2016aps,它偏离了低质量银河系的中心,辐射了≳5 ×10 51 erg,需要超能量超新星爆炸。我们发现,总(超新星喷出物+ CSM)的质量有可能超过50-100 中号,具有节能 10 52 尔格,具有对不稳定性超新星或速度脉冲对不稳定性的某些型号一致的超新星-理论上预测从氦核热核爆炸> 50 中号。该事件独立于爆炸机制,表明存在极高能的恒星爆炸,可在很高的红移下检测到,并提供洞察最大质量恒星中密集的CSM形成的信息。

更新日期:2020-04-24
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