The increasing precision of spacecraft radiometric tracking data experienced in the last number of years, coupled with the huge amount of data collected and the long baselines of the available datasets, has made the direct observation of Solar System dynamics possible, and in particular relativistic effects, through the measurement of some key parameters as the post-Newtonian parameters, the Nordtvedt parameter "eta" and the graviton mass. In this work we investigate the potentialities of the datasets provided by the most promising past, present and future interplanetary missions to draw a realistic picture of the knowledge that can be reached in the next 10-15 years. To this aim, we update the semi-analytical model originally developed for the BepiColombo mission, to take into account planet-planet relativistic interactions and eccentricity-induced effects and validate it against well-established numerical models to assess the precision of the retrieval of the parameters of interest. Before the analysis of the results we give a review of some of the hypotheses and constrained analysis schemes that have been proposed until now to overcome geometrical weaknessess and model degeneracies, proving that these strategies introduce model inconsistencies. Finally we apply our semi-analytical model to perform a covariance analysis on three samples of interplanetary missions: 1) those for which data are available now (e.g. Cassini, MESSENGER, MRO, Juno), 2) in the next years (BepiColombo) and 3) still to be launched as JUICE and VERITAS (this latter is waiting for the approval).

中文翻译：

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在太阳系中测试广义相对论：现在和未来的前景

在过去几年中，航天器辐射跟踪数据的精度不断提高，再加上收集到的大量数据和可用数据集的长基线，使得直接观测太阳系动力学成为可能，尤其是相对论效应，通过测量一些关键参数，如后牛顿参数、Nordtvedt 参数“eta”和引力子质量。在这项工作中，我们调查了最有希望的过去、现在和未来的行星际任务所提供的数据集的潜力，以描绘未来 10-15 年内可以实现的知识的真实图景。为此，我们更新了最初为 BepiColombo 任务开发的半分析模型，考虑行星-行星相对论相互作用和偏心率引起的影响，并根据完善的数值模型对其进行验证，以评估感兴趣参数的检索精度。在对结果进行分析之前，我们回顾了迄今为止为克服几何弱点和模型退化而提出的一些假设和约束分析方案，证明这些策略引入了模型不一致。最后，我们应用我们的半分析模型对三个行星际任务样本进行协方差分析：1）现在可以获得数据的那些（例如卡西尼号、信使号、MRO、朱诺号），2）未来几年（BepiColombo）和3) 仍将作为 JUICE 和 VERITAS 推出（后者正在等待批准）。