The concept of fake particle, or "fakeon", allows us to make sense of quantum gravity as an ultraviolet complete theory, by renouncing causality at very small distances. We investigate whether the violation of microcausality can be amplified or detected in the most common settings. We show that it is actually short range for all practical purposes. Due to our experimental limitations, the violation does not propagate along the light cones or by means of gravitational waves. In some cases, the universe even conspires to make the effect disappear. For example, the positivity of the Hubble constant appears to be responsible for the direction of time in the early universe.

中文翻译：

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Fakeons 和微观因果关系：光锥、引力波和哈勃常数

假粒子或“fakeon”的概念使我们能够通过在非常小的距离上放弃因果关系，将量子引力理解为一种紫外线完整理论。我们调查是否可以在最常见的环境中放大或检测到违反微观因果关系的行为。我们表明，对于所有实际目的来说，它实际上是短程的。由于我们的实验限制，违规不会沿着光锥或通过引力波传播。在某些情况下，宇宙甚至合谋让这种效应消失。例如，哈勃常数的正值似乎是造成早期宇宙时间方向的原因。