A Longitudinal Study on the Mental Health of General Population during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China,Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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A Longitudinal Study on the Mental Health of General Population during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity ( IF 15.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.028
Cuiyan Wang ₁ , Riyu Pan ₁ , Xiaoyang Wan ₁ , Yilin Tan ₁ , Linkang Xu ₁ , Roger S McIntyre ₂ , Faith N Choo ₃ , Bach Tran ₄ , Roger Ho ₅ , Vijay K Sharma ₆ , Cyrus Ho ₇

Affiliation

Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China.
Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam.
Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.

Abstract In addition to being a public physical health emergency, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected global mental health, as evidenced by panic-buying worldwide as cases soared. Little is known about changes in levels of psychological impact, stress, anxiety and depression during this pandemic. This longitudinal study surveyed the general population twice - during the initial outbreak, and the epidemic's peak four weeks later, surveying demographics, symptoms, knowledge, concerns, and precautionary measures against COVID-19. There were 1738 respondents from 190 Chinese cities (1210 first-survey respondents, 861 second-survey respondents; 333 respondents participated in both). Psychological impact and mental health status were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), respectively. IES-R measures PTSD symptoms in survivorship after an event. DASS -21 is based on tripartite model of psychopathology that comprise a general distress construct with distinct characteristics. This study found that there was a statistically significant longitudinal reduction in mean IES-R scores (from 32.98 to 30.76, p<0.01) after 4 weeks. Nevertheless, the mean IES-R score of the first- and second-survey respondents were above the cut-off scores (>24) for PTSD symptoms, suggesting that the reduction in scores was not clinically significant. During the initial evaluation, moderate-to-severe stress, anxiety and depression were noted in 8.1%, 28.8% and 16.5%, respectively and there were no significant longitudinal changes in stress, anxiety and depression levels (p>0.05). Protective factors included high level of confidence in doctors, perceived survival likelihood and low risk of contracting COVID-19, satisfaction with health information, personal precautionary measures. As countries around the world brace for an escalation in cases, Governments should focus on effective methods of disseminating unbiased COVID-19 knowledge, teaching correct containment methods, ensuring availability of essential services/commodities, and providing sufficient financial support.

更新日期：2020-07-01

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