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Tailored Porous Organic Polymers for Task-Specific Water Purification.
Accounts of Chemical Research ( IF 18.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-13 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00007
Qi Sun 1 , Briana Aguila 1 , Yanpei Song 1 , Shengqian Ma 1
Affiliation  

ConspectusThe Industrial Revolution has resulted in social and economic improvements, but unfortunately, with the development of manufacturing and mining, water sources have been pervaded with contaminants, putting Earth's freshwater supply in peril. Therefore, the segregation of pollutants-such as radionuclides, heavy metals, and oil spills-from water streams, has become a pertinent problem. Attempts have been made to extract these pollutants through chemical precipitation, sorbents, and membranes. The limitations of the current remediation methods, including the generation of a considerable volume of chemical sludge as well as low uptake capacity and/or selectivity, actuate the need for materials innovation. These insufficiencies have provoked our interest in the exploration of porous organic polymers (POPs) for water treatment. This category of porous material has been at the forefront of materials research due to its modular nature, i.e., its tunable functionality and tailorable porosity. Compared to other materials, the practicality of POPs comes from their purely organic composition, which lends to their stability and ease of synthesis. The potential of using POPs as a design platform for solid extractors is closely associated with the ease with which their pore space can be functionalized with high densities of strong adsorption sites, resulting in a material that retains its robustness while providing specified interactions depending on the contaminant of choice.POPs raise opportunities to improve current or enable new technologies to achieve safer water. In this Account, we describe some of our efforts toward the exploitation of the unique properties of POPs for improving water purification by answering key questions and proposing research opportunities. The design strategies and principles involved for functionalizing POPs include the following: increasing the density and flexibility of the chelator to enhance their cooperation, introducing the secondary sphere modifiers to reinforce the primary binding, and enforcing the orientation of the ligands in the pore channel to increase the accessibility and cooperation of the functionalities. For each strategy, we first describe its chemical basis, followed by presenting examples that convey the underlying concepts, giving rise to functional materials that are beyond the traditional ones, as demonstrated by radionuclide sequestration, heavy metal decontamination, and oil-spill cleanup. Our endeavors to explore the applicability of POPs to deal with these high-priority contaminants are expected to impact personal consumer water purifiers, industrial wastewater management systems, and nuclear waste management. In our view, more exciting will be new applications and new examples of the functionalization strategies made by creatively merging the strategies mentioned above, enabling increasingly selective binding and efficiency and ultimately promoting POPs for practical applications to enhance water security.

中文翻译:

量身定制的多孔有机聚合物,用于特定任务的水净化。

概述工业革命带来了社会和经济方面的进步,但不幸的是,随着制造业和采矿业的发展,水源中充斥着污染物,使地球的淡水供应陷入了危险。因此,污染物(例如放射性核素,重金属和漏油)从水流中的分离已成为一个相关问题。已经尝试通过化学沉淀,吸附剂和膜来提取这些污染物。当前补救方法的局限性,包括大量化学污泥的产生以及低吸收能力和/或选择性,引发了对材料创新的需求。这些不足引起了我们对探索用于水处理的多孔有机聚合物(POPs)的兴趣。这类多孔材料由于其模块化的性质(即,可调节的功能性和可定制的孔隙率)而一直处于材料研究的前沿。与其他材料相比,持久性有机污染物的实用性来自它们的纯有机成分,这使其具有稳定性和易于合成的特性。将POPs用作固体提取器的设计平台的潜力与可通过高密度的强吸附位点轻松地对其孔隙空间进行功能化密切相关,从而使材料保持了其坚固性,同时根据污染物提供了特定的相互作用持久性有机污染物增加了改善现有水势或使新技术获得更安全用水的机会。在这个帐户中,我们通过回答关键问题和提出研究机会,描述了我们为利用POPs的独特特性来改善水质而做出的一些努力。使POPs功能化所涉及的设计策略和原理包括以下内容:增加螯合剂的密度和灵活性以增强它们的配合,引入二级球修饰剂以增强一级键合,并增强孔道中配体的取向以增加功能的可访问性和合作。对于每种策略,我们首先描述其化学基础,然后通过示例传达基本概念,从而产生超出传统方法的功能材料,例如放射性核素螯合,重金属净化,和溢油清理。我们探索POPs处理这些高优先级污染物的适用性的努力有望影响个人消费者净水器,工业废水管理系统和核废料管理。我们认为,将通过创造性地合并上述战略,使选择性的结合和效率日益提高,并最终推广用于实际应用的持久性有机污染物以增强水安全性,将使功能化战略的新应用和新实例更加令人兴奋。
更新日期:2020-04-23
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