Clostridium spp. are recovered from 25% of the blood culture positive with anaerobes. However, the clinical relevance of Clostridium bacteremia has been controverted in the literature, particularly for C. perfringens. We aimed to evaluate the clinical relevance of Clostridium bacteremia, either due to C. perfringens or other Clostridium species, and to identify the risk factors of mortality in these patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2010 to April 2018. All the patients with at least one blood culture positive with any Clostridium species were included. Eighty-one patients with a least one blood culture positive with any Clostridium species were included. Seventy patients (86.4%) fulfilled the criteria for clinically relevant bacteremia. Bacteremia due to C. perfringens tended to be less clinically relevant than other Clostridium species but this was not statistically significant (76% vs 91.2%, P = 0.09). In case of clinically relevant bacteremia, the 30-day mortality rate was 31.4%. In multivariate analysis, adequate empiric antimicrobial therapy was significantly associated with survival (P = 0.03). In conclusion, bacteremia due to C. perfringens or other Clostridium species is usually clinically relevant. This finding was also supported by an improved survival at 30 days when adequate empiric antimicrobial therapy was administered.

梭状芽孢杆菌属。可从厌氧菌阳性的25％血液培养物中回收。然而，梭状芽胞杆菌菌血症的临床相关性在文献中已被争议，尤其是对于产气荚膜梭菌。我们旨在评估由产气荚膜梭菌或其他梭菌引起的梭状芽胞杆菌菌血症的临床相关性，并确定这些患者死亡的危险因素。从2010年1月至2018年4月进行了一项回顾性队列研究。所有患者中至少有一种血培养呈梭状芽孢杆菌阳性。八十一例血液文化至少为阳性的患者梭菌属物种也包括在内。七十名患者（86.4％）符合临床相关菌血症的标准。与其他梭菌属细菌相比，产气荚膜梭菌引起的细菌血症在临床上的相关性较弱，但无统计学意义（76％比91.2％，P  = 0.09）。如果发生临床相关菌血症，则30天死亡率为31.4％。在多变量分析中，适当的经验性抗菌治疗与生存率显着相关（P  = 0.03）。总之，由产气荚膜梭菌或其他梭菌引起的菌血症物种通常与临床有关。当进行适当的经验性抗微生物治疗时，30天生存时间的改善也支持了这一发现。