Particle crushing occurs near the tip of a penetrometer and influences the development of the tip resistance. To study particle crushing near a penetrometer tip, a cone penetrometer was monotonically jacked and then load-tested in medium dense and dense silica sand samples prepared in a half-cylindrical calibration chamber with viewing windows. During the tests, images of the advancing penetrometer and the surrounding soil were taken using digital cameras and analyzed to obtain the displacement and strain fields around the penetrometer using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. Subsequently, soil samples were collected near the tip of the penetrometer using a novel agar-impregnation technique and digitized using an X-ray microscope. The digitized samples were analyzed to reconstruct the three-dimensional models of individual particles, generating the gradation and relative breakage parameters of the sand around the cone penetrometer.

颗粒破碎发生在针入度计的尖端附近，并影响尖端电阻的发展。为了研究在渗度计尖端附近的颗粒破碎，将单锥度渗度计顶起，然后在带有观察窗的半圆柱形校准室中制备的中等密度和稠密硅砂样品中进行载荷测试。在测试过程中，使用数字相机拍摄了前进的渗度仪和周围土壤的图像，并使用数字图像相关（DIC）技术对其进行了分析，以获得了渗度仪周围的位移和应变场。随后，使用新型琼脂浸渍技术在渗透计尖端附近收集土壤样品，并使用X射线显微镜将其数字化。分析数字化的样本以重建单个粒子的三维模型，