Abstract The failure of a landslide dam is a sudden geo-hazard, which can significantly threatens the lives and property of local residents. In this study, 11 experiments were designed to reproduce the failure process of landslide dams with different grain size distributions and hydrodynamic conditions. In order to fully consider the influence of seepage on the stability of landslide dams with different textural properties, the inflow discharge was small in these tests. By analyzing the experimental data, we found that the textural properties plays a key role in the failure modes and process of landslide dams. The eleven tests produced five different results: the landslide dam in experiment 1 and 8 remained stable; the landslide dam in experiment 2 partially failed; in experiments 3–6, the dams failed due to overtopping and erosion, while in experiment 7, the dam failed due to overtopping and soil collapse; in experiment 9–11, the dams failed due to piping, overtopping and erosion. In addition, the evolution of the outflow discharge and density also varied for the different textural properties of the dam materials. Based on the experimental results, the landslide dam materials were classified as coarse-matrix controlled, medium particle controlled, fine-matrix controlled, and balanced composition. The failure modes and process as well as the evolution characteristics of the outflow discharge and flow density were all summarized, providing a scientific reference for disaster prevention and mitigation research of landslide dams.

中文翻译：

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结构特性对滑坡坝体破坏模式及破坏过程的影响

摘要 滑坡大坝溃决是一种突发性地质灾害，严重威胁当地居民的生命财产安全。在这项研究中，设计了 11 个实验来重现具有不同粒度分布和水动力条件的滑坡坝的破坏过程。为了充分考虑渗流对不同质地性质的滑坡坝体稳定性的影响，本次试验的入流流量较小。通过对试验数据的分析，我们发现结构特性在滑坡坝的破坏模式和破坏过程中起着关键作用。11 次试验产生了五种不同的结果：试验 1 和试验 8 中的滑坡坝保持稳定；实验2中的滑坡坝部分破坏；在实验 3-6 中，大坝因漫溢和侵蚀而倒塌，而在试验7中，大坝因淹水和塌陷而倒塌；在实验 9-11 中，大坝由于管道、漫溢和侵蚀而失败。此外，出流流量和密度的演变也因坝体材料的不同质地特性而变化。根据试验结果，将滑坡坝材料分为粗基质控制、中颗粒控制、细基质控制和平衡成分。总结了滑坡坝体的破坏模式和过程，以及出流流量和流量密度的演变特征，为滑坡坝防灾减灾研究提供了科学参考。出流流量和密度的演变也因大坝材料的不同质地特性而异。根据试验结果，将滑坡坝材料分为粗基质控制、中颗粒控制、细基质控制和平衡成分。总结了滑坡坝体的破坏模式和过程，以及流出流量和流量密度的演变特征，为滑坡坝防灾减灾研究提供了科学参考。出流流量和密度的演变也因大坝材料的不同质地特性而异。根据试验结果，将滑坡坝材料分为粗基质控制、中颗粒控制、细基质控制和平衡成分。总结了滑坡坝体的破坏模式和过程，以及流出流量和流量密度的演变特征，为滑坡坝防灾减灾研究提供了科学参考。