Photocatalysis, a renewable, bountiful, and viable technology, has been widely regarded as a promising method to alleviate environmental challenges and circumvent the increasingly tensed energy crisis. Specifically, substantial carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission reduction can be achieved by using CO₂ as the starting carbon source to generate renewable solar fuels such as methanol, methane, and formic acid. The fabrication and development of highly efficient photocatalysts are crucial determinants of this approach. The recently emerged two-dimensional (2D) materials have taken the research and energy scene by storm owing to their distinctive features of tunable bandgap, large surface-to-volume ratio, ultrathin characteristic, extraordinary electrical and optical absorption properties, copious active centers, and abundant coordinated unsaturated surface sites. These unique physicochemical properties render 2D materials as promising candidates for photocatalytic CO₂ conversion into carbon-based fuels. In this article, an overview of the recent developments summarizing the CO₂ photoreduction over 2D materials, namely, graphene-based photocatalysts, transition metal dichalcogenide–based photocatalysts and graphitic carbon nitride–based photocatalysts, are highlighted. In detail, the emerging strategies and recent advances for tailoring highly functional 2D material–based photocatalytic semiconductors comprising heterostructure fabrication, functionalization with advanced nanostructures, surface defect engineering, and elemental doping are discussed.

光催化是一种可再生，富饶且可行的技术，已被广泛认为是缓解环境挑战并避免日益加剧的能源危机的有前途的方法。具体地，通过使用CO ₂可以实现大量的二氧化碳（CO ₂）排放减少。作为产生可再生太阳能燃料（例如甲醇，甲烷和甲酸）的起始碳源。高效光催化剂的制备和开发是该方法的关键决定因素。最近出现的二维（2D）材料因其可调节的带隙，大的体积比，超薄的特性，出色的电和光吸收特性，丰富的活性中心，和丰富的协调不饱和表面位点。这些独特的物理化学性质使2D材料成为将光催化CO ₂转化为碳基燃料的有前途的候选材料。本文概述了CO ₂的最新发展着重介绍了2D材料的光还原，即基于石墨烯的光催化剂，基于过渡金属二卤化物的光催化剂和基于石墨氮化碳的光催化剂。详细地，讨论了定制高功能2D材料基光催化半导体的新兴策略和最新进展，这些半导体包括异质结构制造，具有先进纳米结构的功能化，表面缺陷工程和元素掺杂。