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Solar desalination: Cases, synthesis, and challenges
WIREs Water ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-07 , DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1434
William R. Delgado 1 , Timothy Beach 1 , Sheryl Luzzadder‐Beach 1
Affiliation  

Desalination will become an increasingly important water resource to supply a growing world population that will face greater water scarcity in the coming decades. Desalination processes are energy‐intensive and currently rely on fossil fuels that contribute to global warming and exacerbate the planet's water woes. Solar power, as a low‐carbon energy resource, can reduce desalination's environmental footprint. However, there are many logistical considerations to take into account when planning solar desalination projects. This paper examines six of these issues, which include: (a) the spatial distribution of solar energy and saline water, (b) modeling tools to measure the financial feasibility of solar powered desalination plants, (c) community approval, (d) interconnection policies for solar desalination plants connected to the regional grid, (e) combining solar energy with other renewable energy sources, and (f) potential carbon savings from switching to solar energy. The paper will conduct its analysis through four key case studies in El Paso, Texas, Abilene, Texas, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, and Denmark, Australia. The paper concludes with a discussion on how improved solar technology will further the economic prospects of solar desalination and an analysis of brine disposal options that include siting seawater desalination operations in waters with high circulation and explaining how brine harvesting could lead to useful economic mineral products such as sodium, chlorine, potassium, and magnesium.

中文翻译:

太阳海水淡化:案例,综合和挑战

海水淡化将成为越来越重要的水资源,以供应不断增长的世界人口,在未来几十年中,世界人口将面临更大的水资源短缺。海水淡化过程耗费大量能源,目前依靠化石燃料来促进全球变暖,并加剧地球的水灾。太阳能作为一种低碳能源,可以减少海水淡化的环境足迹。但是,在规划太阳能淡化项目时有许多后勤方面的考虑因素。本文研究了其中的六个问题,其中包括:(a)太阳能和盐水的空间分布,(b)衡量太阳能淡化厂财务可行性的建模工具,(c)社区批准,(d)与区域电网相连的太阳能海水淡化厂的互连政策,(e)将太阳能与其他可再生能源结合在一起,以及(f)转换为太阳能可能节省的碳。本文将通过在德克萨斯州埃尔帕索,德克萨斯州阿比林,德克萨斯州阿布扎比和阿拉伯联合酋长国的四个关键案例研究进行分析。本文最后讨论了改进的太阳能技术将如何进一步促进太阳能淡化的经济前景,并分析了盐水处理方案,包括在高循环水域中进行海水淡化操作,并解释了盐水收集如何产生有用的经济矿物产品,例如如钠,氯,钾和镁。(f)转换为太阳能可能节省的碳。本文将通过在德克萨斯州埃尔帕索,德克萨斯州阿比林,德克萨斯州阿布扎比和阿拉伯联合酋长国的四个关键案例研究进行分析。本文最后讨论了改进的太阳能技术将如何促进太阳能淡化的经济前景,并对盐水处理方案进行了分析,包括在高循环水域中进行海水淡化操作,并解释了盐水收集如何产生有用的经济矿物产品,例如如钠,氯,钾和镁。(f)转换为太阳能可能节省的碳。本文将通过在德克萨斯州埃尔帕索,德克萨斯州阿比林,德克萨斯州阿布扎比和阿拉伯联合酋长国的四个关键案例研究进行分析。本文最后讨论了改进的太阳能技术将如何进一步促进太阳能淡化的经济前景,并分析了盐水处理方案,包括在高循环水域中进行海水淡化操作,并解释了盐水收集如何产生有用的经济矿物产品,例如如钠,氯,钾和镁。
更新日期:2020-04-07
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