Kidney dysfunction, including chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury, is a globally prevalent health problem. However, treatment regimens are still lacking, especially for conditions involving kidney fibrosis. Stem cells hold great promise in the treatment of chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury, but success has been hampered by insufficient incorporation of the stem cells in the injured kidney. Thus, new approaches for the restoration of kidney function after acute or chronic injury have been explored. Recently, kidney organoids have emerged as a useful tool in the treatment of kidney diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and approaches of cell therapy in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, including diabetic kidney disease and lupus nephritis. We also summarize the potential applications of kidney organoids in the treatment of kidney diseases.

Impact statement

Stem cells hold great promise in regenerative medicine. Pluripotent stem cells have been differentiated into kidney organoids to understand human kidney development and to dissect renal disease mechanisms. Meanwhile, recent studies have explored the treatment of kidney diseases using a variety of cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and renal derivatives. This mini-review discusses the diverse mechanisms underlying current renal disease treatment via stem cell therapy. We postulate that clinical applications of stem cell therapy for kidney diseases can be readily achieved in the near future.

中文翻译：

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基于干细胞的肾脏疾病治疗。

肾脏功能障碍，包括慢性肾脏疾病和急性肾脏损伤，是全球普遍存在的健康问题。但是，仍然缺乏治疗方案，特别是对于涉及肾纤维化的疾病。干细胞在治疗慢性肾脏疾病和急性肾脏损伤中具有广阔的前景，但由于干细胞在受损肾脏中的掺入不足，阻碍了成功。因此，已经探索了急性或慢性损伤后恢复肾功能的新方法。近来，肾脏类器官已成为治疗肾脏疾病的有用工具。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了急性肾损伤和慢性肾脏疾病（包括糖尿病性肾脏疾病和狼疮性肾炎）中细胞治疗的机制和方法。

影响陈述

干细胞在再生医学中具有广阔的前景。多能干细胞已分化为肾脏类器官，以了解人的肾脏发育并剖析肾脏疾病的机制。同时，最近的研究已经探索了使用包括间充质干细胞和肾脏衍生物在内的多种细胞治疗肾脏疾病的方法。这份小型回顾讨论了目前通过干细胞疗法治疗肾脏疾病的各种机制。我们假设在不久的将来可以很容易地实现干细胞治疗肾脏疾病的临床应用。