Haloxyfop-P-methyl, an aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide, is widely used to eliminate unwanted plants by inhibiting lipid synthesis and inducing oxidative stress. Since haloxyfop-P-methyl targets are limited within plants, few negative side effects on non-target crops have been reported. However, dissolved haloxyfop-P-methyl in rain or groundwater contaminates aquatic environments and affects marine ecosystems. In the present study, treatment with haloxyfop-P-methyl for 48 h induced developmental deficiencies in the eyes and bodies of the zebrafish embryos as a whole and was also linked to increases in the incidence of pericardial edema. Additionally, haloxyfop-P-methyl treatment decreased hatching ratio, embryo viability, and heart rate, while simultaneously increasing the expression levels of apoptotic and inflammatory genes. Moreover, haloxyfop-P-methyl hampered vasculogenesis in the embryos through down-regulation of functional genes, and disruption of vessel formation caused neurodegeneration in the olig2-positive notochord. Collectively, this study newly discovered the oxidative stress-related toxic mechanism of haloxyfop-P-methyl during embryonic development through anti-vasculogenesis, which suppresses neurogenesis of the notochord. This toxicity assessment of haloxyfop-P-methyl on embryogenesis may contribute to establishment of safety profiling of herbicide and to support hazard control in aquatic environment.

中文翻译：

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Haloxyfop-P-methyl通过氧化应激和抗血管生成诱导斑马鱼胚胎发育缺陷。

Haloxyfop-P-methyl，一种芳氧基苯氧基丙酸酯除草剂，被广泛用于通过抑制脂质合成和诱导氧化应激来消除有害植物。由于在植物内限制了卤氧磷-P-甲基靶标，因此已报道了对非靶标作物的不良副作用极少。但是，在雨水或地下水中溶解的卤代甲氧磷-P-甲基会污染水生环境并影响海洋生态系统。在本研究中，用卤代甲氧基-P-甲基处理48 h会引起整个斑马鱼胚胎的眼睛和身体发育缺陷，并且还与心包水肿的发生率增加有关。此外，卤氧氟哌啶对甲基处理降低了孵化率，胚胎活力和心率，同时增加了凋亡和炎性基因的表达水平。此外，haloxyfop-P-甲基通过功能基因的下调阻碍了胚胎的血管生成，而血管形成的破坏导致了olig2阳性脊索神经变性。总体而言，这项研究新发现了通过抗血管生成抑制了脊索神经发生的过程，卤代氧-P-甲基在氧化过程中与氧化应激相关的毒性机制。氟吡咯烷对甲基对胚胎发生的毒性评估可能有助于建立除草剂的安全性分析，并支持水生环境中的危害控制。这项研究新发现了通过抗血管生成，卤代氧磷-P-甲基在氧化过程中与氧化应激相关的毒性机制，从而抑制了脊索的神经发生。氟吡咯烷对甲基对胚发生的毒性评估可能有助于建立除草剂的安全性分析，并支持水生环境中的危害控制。这项研究新发现了通过抗血管生成，卤代氧磷-P-甲基在氧化过程中与氧化应激相关的毒性机制，从而抑制了脊索的神经发生。氟吡咯烷对甲基对胚发生的毒性评估可能有助于建立除草剂的安全性分析，并支持水生环境中的危害控制。