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Biogeography of the cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis (Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii: Integrating genomics, phylogenetic and toxicity data.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106824
Paula Vico 1 , Sylvia Bonilla 2 , Bruno Cremella 3 , Luis Aubriot 2 , Andrés Iriarte 4 , Claudia Piccini 5
Affiliation  

Raphidiopsis (Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii, a globally distributed bloom-forming cyanobacterium, produces either the cytotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYL) in Oceania, Asia and Europe or the neurotoxin saxitoxin (STX) and analogues (paralytic shellfish poison, PSP) in South America (encoded by sxt genetic cluster) and none of them in Africa. Nevertheless, this particular geographic pattern is usually overlooked in current hypotheses about the species dispersal routes. Here, we combined genomics, phylogenetic analyses, toxicity data and a literature survey to unveil the evolutionary history and spread of the species. Phylogenies based on 354 orthologous genes from all the available genomes and ribosomal ITS sequences of the taxon showed two well-defined clades: the American, having the PSP producers; and the Oceania/Europe/Asia, including the CYL producers. We propose central Africa as the original dispersion center (non-toxic populations), reaching North Africa and North America (in former Laurasia continent). The ability to produce CYL probably took place in populations that advanced to sub-Saharan Africa and then to Oceania and South America. According to the genomic context of the sxt cluster found in PSP-producer strains, this trait was acquired once by horizontal transfer in South America, where the ability to produce CYL was lost.

中文翻译:

蓝鳍金枪鱼(Cylindrospermopsis)raciborskii的生物地理学:整合基因组学,系统发生和毒性数据。

蚜虫(Rayldiopsis)(racylrospermopsis)raciborskii是一种分布在全球的开花形成蓝藻,在大洋洲,亚洲和欧洲生产细胞毒素cylindrospermopsin(CYL),在南美生产神经毒素saxitoxin(STX)和类似物(麻痹性贝类毒素,PSP)(由编码) sxt基因簇),在非洲都没有。但是,在有关物种传播途径的最新假设中,通常忽略了这种特殊的地理格局。在这里,我们结合了基因组学,系统发育分析,毒性数据和文献调查,以揭示该物种的进化历史和传播。基于来自所有可用基因组的354个直系同源基因和分类单元的核糖体ITS序列的系统发育树显示了两个明确定义的进化枝:美洲,具有PSP生产者;和大洋洲/欧洲/亚洲,包括共青团生产者。我们建议中部非洲作为原始的扩散中心(无毒人群),到达北非和北美(在前劳拉西亚大陆)。共青团的生产能力可能发生在先到撒哈拉以南非洲再到大洋洲和南美的人口。根据在PSP生产菌株中发现的sxt簇的基因组背景,该性状曾在南美通过水平转移获得,而后者丧失了产生CYL的能力。
更新日期:2020-04-12
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