Chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal system is mediated by both the immune system activity and homeostasis, mainly through releasing of various cytokines and chemokines, as well as the transmigration of the inflammatory cells to the affected site. In between, macrophages are key mediators of the immune system, nearly located all over the gastrointestinal tract. Macrophages have vital influence on the inflammatory condition with both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. Their polarization status has been linked to numerous metabolic disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The equilibrium between the phenotypes and functions of inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 cells is regulated by both extracellular and intracellular stimuli, determining how the disease progresses. Thereby, factors that interchange such balance in the direction of increasing M2 macrophages offer unique approaches for future management of IBD. This study reflects the novel IBD treatment targets via the immune system's pathway, reporting the latest treatments that regulate the M1/M2 macrophages distribution in a way to favor IBD.

中文翻译：

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M1和M2巨噬细胞途径作为炎症性肠病药物靶点的现状。

胃肠系统的慢性炎症是由免疫系统活性和体内稳态共同介导的，主要是通过释放各种细胞因子和趋化因子，以及炎症细胞向受影响部位的迁移。在这两者之间，巨噬细胞是免疫系统的关键介体，几乎位于整个胃肠道中。巨噬细胞具有促炎和抗炎功能，对炎性疾病具有至关重要的影响。它们的极化状态与许多代谢性疾病如炎症性肠病（IBD）有关。炎性M1和抗炎M2细胞的表型和功能之间的平衡受细胞外和细胞内刺激的调节，从而决定疾病的进展。从而，朝着增加M2巨噬细胞方向交换这种平衡的因素为IBD的未来管理提供了独特的方法。这项研究通过免疫系统途径反映了新的IBD治疗靶标，报告了调节M1 / M2巨噬细胞分布的最新治疗方法，有利于IBD。