The Golden Mile deposit (1767 t Au) in the Archean Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, is controlled by D2 strike-slip and D3 reverse faults displacing folded tholeiitic greenstones. Granodiorite and monzodiorite dykes emplaced into the faults predate and are synchronous with propylitic and sericite–ankerite alteration overprinted by the ore. Arsenopyrite and chlorite thermometry and fluid-inclusion data indicate ore formation at 420 ± 30 °C and 300 MPa and cooling to the ambient temperature at 10 km depth (250–300 °C). Fimiston refractory ore (7 g/t Au) in propylitic Golden Mile Dolerite is zoned from inner albite–ankerite to outer ankerite–phengite–quartz replacement. Pyrite–magnetite is overprinted by pyrite–hematite ± anhydrite. Arsenical pyrite encloses chalcopyrite, tennantite, gold and tellurides. Gold thio-sulfide complexes, buffered by magmatic SO 2 and H 2 S in the fluid, were destabilised during the ankerite–pyrite replacement of propylitic chlorite, a reaction releasing hydrogen ions for the hydrolitic alteration of adjacent albite. Gold deposition was assisted by declining gold, silver, tellurium and sulfur solubility as the fluid cooled. Dissolved sulfate is recorded in pyrite by negative δ 34 S (− 10 to − 5‰) at magmatic Δ 33 S (0–0.2‰). Oroya ore bodies are subdivided into oxidised pyrite lodes (5 g/t Au) in propylitic GMD and reduced lodes (30–120 g/t Au) characterised by Stage 1 silica–pyrite and siderite–chlorite replacement in ankerite-rich wall rocks. Rapid cooling, an acidic fluid and the retrograde solubility of ankerite facilitated replacement and the deposition of minor arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and gold. Locally, the H 2 S-rich fluid (log f S2 = − 5.8 ± 0.5 bar at 420 °C) was reduced by organic methane. Oroya Stage 2 ore fills crosscutting veins and cements breccia. Quartz, chalcedony, dolomite–ankerite, calcite, V-muscovite, V-chlorite and V-tourmaline form the gangue of pyrite–telluride ± magnetite ore. Altaite–tellurium myrmekites were deposited at ≥ 400 °C as melt droplets together with tellurantimony, altaite, calaverite, montbrayite and petzite. As fluid temperature and tellurium fugacity declined, free gold, krennerite, coloradoite and melonite also crystallised joined by sylvanite and hessite below 350 °C. Finally, trace covellite and digenite precipitated at high fluid sulfidation states.

中文翻译：

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早期 Fimiston 和晚期 Oroya Au-Te 矿石，Paringa South 矿，Golden Mile，Kalgoorlie：4. 420-300 °C 和 300 MPa 时岩浆流体对金沉积的矿物学和热力学约束

Golden Mile 矿床 (1767 t Au) 位于西澳大利亚太古宙 Yilgarn Craton，受 D2 走滑和 D3 反向断层控制，取代了折叠拉斑绿岩。进入断层中的花岗闪长岩和二长闪长岩脉早于并与矿石叠印的青橄榄岩和绢云母-铁长石蚀变同步。毒砂和绿泥石温度测定和流体包裹体数据表明，在 420 ± 30 °C 和 300 MPa 下形成矿石，并在 10 公里深度（250-300 °C）冷却至环境温度。位于青橄榄岩 Golden Mile Dolerite 中的 Fimiston 耐火矿石（7 g/t Au）从内部钠长石-铁橄榄石到外部铁橄榄石-闪长石-石英置换区带。黄铁矿-磁铁矿被黄铁矿-赤铁矿±硬石膏套印。砷黄铁矿包含黄铜矿、铁锰矿、金和碲化物。金硫代硫化物，被流体中的岩浆 SO 2 和 H 2 S 缓冲，在白铁矿-黄铁矿置换亚氯酸盐的过程中不稳定，这是一种释放氢离子的反应，用于相邻钠长石的水解蚀变。随着流体冷却，金、银、碲和硫的溶解度下降有助于金沉积。在岩浆 Δ 33 S (0–0.2‰) 处，通过负 δ 34 S (- 10 到 - 5‰) 在黄铁矿中记录溶解的硫酸盐。Oroya 矿体细分为青色岩 GMD 中的氧化黄铁矿脉 (5 g/t Au) 和还原矿脉 (30-120 g/t Au)，其特征在于富含铁橄榄石的围岩中的第 1 阶段硅石-黄铁矿和菱铁矿-绿泥石置换。快速冷却、酸性流体和铁橄榄石的逆行溶解促进了少量毒砂、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿和金的置换和沉积。在当地，富含 H 2 S 的流体（log f S2 = − 5.8 ± 0.5 bar 在 420 °C）被有机甲烷还原。Oroya Stage 2 矿石填充横切矿脉并胶结角砾岩。石英、玉髓、白云石-铁橄榄石、方解石、V-白云母、V-绿泥石和V-电气石形成黄铁矿-碲化物±磁铁矿的脉石。在≥ 400 °C 的温度下，阿尔泰石-碲铜镍钛矿与碲锑、阿尔泰石、钙铝榴石、蒙脱石和钙钛矿一起以熔滴的形式沉积。随着流体温度和碲逸度的下降，游离金、克雷恩石、彩铅矿和黄长石也结晶，并在 350 °C 以下与钾盐和黑铁矿结合。最后，在高流体硫化状态下沉淀出痕量的紫铜矿和双晶石。玉髓、白云石-铁橄榄石、方解石、V-白云母、V-绿泥石和V-电气石形成黄铁矿-碲化物±磁铁矿的脉石。在≥ 400 °C 的温度下，阿尔泰石-碲铜镍钛矿与碲锑、阿尔泰石、钙铝榴石、蒙脱石和钙钛矿一起以熔滴的形式沉积。随着流体温度和碲逸度的下降，游离金、克雷恩石、彩铅矿和黄长石也结晶，并在 350 °C 以下与钾盐和黑铁矿结合。最后，在高流体硫化状态下沉淀出痕量的紫铜矿和双晶石。玉髓、白云石-铁橄榄石、方解石、V-白云母、V-绿泥石和V-电气石形成黄铁矿-碲化物±磁铁矿的脉石。在≥ 400 °C 的温度下，阿尔泰石-碲铜镍钛矿与碲锑、阿尔泰石、钙铝榴石、蒙脱石和钙钛矿一起以熔滴的形式沉积。随着流体温度和碲逸度的下降，游离金、克雷恩石、彩铅矿和黄长石也结晶，并在 350 °C 以下与钾盐和黑铁矿结合。最后，在高流体硫化状态下沉淀出痕量的紫铜矿和双晶石。在 350 °C 以下，游离的金、克雷恩石、色青石和蜜龙石也与钾盐和黑石结合结晶。最后，在高流体硫化状态下沉淀出痕量的紫铜矿和双晶石。在 350 °C 以下，游离的金、克雷恩石、色青石和蜜龙石也与钾盐和黑石结合结晶。最后，在高流体硫化状态下沉淀出痕量的紫铜矿和双晶石。