Ozone can cause damage to plant tissues. However, little information is available about this global and systematic damage mechanism of grape leaf photosynthetic apparatus. In this study, tandem mass tags (TMT) analysis and physiological responses indicated severe damage to the chloroplasts, with differentially expressed proteins mainly distributed in the chloroplasts. Under ozone stress, the expression of the PSI and PSII structural proteins PsbR, PsaK, PsaA and PSII reactive center protein D1 levels were down-regulated, and the inhibition of D1 protein turnover further aggravated the photodamage of photosystem II (PSII), resulting in a significant decrease in the actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (Y(II)) and actual photochemical efficiency of PSI (Y(I)). The xanthophyll cycle-related protein VDE and ZEP and the NDH subunit of the cyclic electron transport-related protein PGR5-like protein 1A and subcomplex B1 protein were upregulated in response to ozone stress, which was accompanied by a high level of ETRI-ETRII ratio. However, these defense mechanisms are not strong enough. Several dysfunctional antioxidant-related proteins have shown limited ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species, leading to reactive oxygen species burst and eventual photodamage. The system analysis provides new insights into the damage and molecular defense mechanisms of photosynthetic apparatus by ozone.

中文翻译：

---

分析葡萄叶蛋白质组和光合作用过程提供了对臭氧胁迫损伤机制的见解

臭氧会对植物组织造成损害。然而，关于葡萄叶光合装置的这种全球性和系统性损害机制的信息很少。在这项研究中，串联质量标签 (TMT) 分析和生理反应表明对叶绿体的严重损害，差异表达的蛋白质主要分布在叶绿体中。在臭氧胁迫下，PSI和PSII结构蛋白PsbR、PsaK、PsaA和PSII反应中心蛋白D1的表达水平下调，D1蛋白更新的抑制进一步加剧了光系统II（PSII）的光损伤，导致PSII (Y(II)) 的实际光化学效率和 PSI (Y(I)) 的实际光化学效率显着降低。叶黄素循环相关蛋白 VDE 和 ZEP 以及循环电子传递相关蛋白 PGR5 样蛋白 1A 和亚复合体 B1 蛋白的 NDH 亚基响应臭氧胁迫而上调，同时伴随着高水平的 ETRI-ETRII 比率. 然而，这些防御机制还不够强大。几种功能失调的抗氧化相关蛋白清除活性氧的能力有限，导致活性氧爆发和最终光损伤。系统分析为臭氧对光合装置的损伤和分子防御机制提供了新的见解。这些防御机制还不够强大。几种功能失调的抗氧化相关蛋白清除活性氧的能力有限，导致活性氧爆发和最终光损伤。系统分析为臭氧对光合装置的损伤和分子防御机制提供了新的见解。这些防御机制还不够强大。几种功能失调的抗氧化相关蛋白清除活性氧的能力有限，导致活性氧爆发和最终光损伤。系统分析为臭氧对光合装置的损伤和分子防御机制提供了新的见解。