The ecologically important thecosome pteropods in the Limacina spp. complex have recently been the focus of studies examining the impacts global change factors – e.g., ocean acidification (OA) and ocean warming (OW) – on their performance and physiology. This focus is driven by conservation concerns where the health of pteropod populations is threatened by the high susceptibility of their shells to dissolution in low aragonite saturation states associated with OA and how coupling of these stressors may push pteropods past the limits of physiological plasticity. In this manipulation experiment, we describe changes in the transcriptome of the Antarctic pteropod, Limacina helicina antarctica, to these combined stressors. The conditions used in the laboratory treatments met or exceeded those projected for the Southern Ocean by the year 2100. We made two general observations regarding the outcome of the data: (1) Temperature was more influential than pH in terms of changing patterns of gene expression, and (2) these Antarctic pteropods appeared to have a significant degree of transcriptomic plasticity to respond to acute abiotic stress in the laboratory. In general, differential gene expression was observed amongst the treatments; here, for example, transcripts associated with maintaining protein structure and cell proliferation were up-regulated. To disentangle the effects of OA and OW, we used a weighted gene co-expression network analysis to explore patterns of change in the transcriptome. This approach identified gene networks associated with OW that were enriched for transcripts proposed to be involved in increasing membrane fluidity at warmer temperatures. Together these data provide evidence that L.h.antarctica has a limited capacity to acclimate to the combined conditions of OA and OW used in this study. This reduced scope of acclimation argues for continued study of how adaptation to polar aquatic environments may limit the plasticity of present-day populations in responding to future environmental change.

中文翻译：

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海洋酸化和变暖的综合压力影响生存，并驱动南极翼足类动物Limacina helicina antarctica的差异基因表达模式。

Limacina spp中具有重要生态意义的卵小翼足类。最近，复杂的研究成为研究全球变化因素（例如，海洋酸化（OA）和海洋变暖（OW））对其性能和生理学影响的研究重点。该关注点是出于保护方面的关注，在这些方面，翼足类种群的健康受到其与在与OA相关的低文石饱和状态下溶解的敏感性高的威胁，以及这些应激源的耦合如何将翼足类超越生理可塑性的极限。在这个操作实验中，我们描述了南极翼足类动物Limacina helicina antarctica的转录组的变化。，这些综合压力源。到2100年，实验室处理中使用的条件达到或超过了对南大洋的预期。我们对数据的结果作了两个一般性的观察：（1）就基因表达模式的改变而言，温度比pH的影响更大。 （2）这些南极翼足类动物在实验室中似乎具有显着程度的转录组可塑性，以应对急性非生物胁迫。通常，在治疗之间观察到差异的基因表达。例如，在这里，与维持蛋白质结构和细胞增殖有关的转录本被上调。为了弄清OA和OW的影响，我们使用了加权基因共表达网络分析来探索转录组变化的模式。该方法确定了与OW相关的基因网络，这些基因网络富含转录本，拟在高温下参与增加膜的流动性。这些数据共同提供了以下证据：Lhantarctica适应本研究中使用的OA和OW的综合条件的能力有限。这种减少的适应范围要求继续研究如何适应极地水生环境如何限制当今种群应对未来环境变化的可塑性。