Contact with nature is widely considered to ameliorate psychological stress, but the empirical support for a causal link is limited. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize and critically assess the evidence. Six electronic databases were searched. Twenty-six studies evaluated the difference between the effect of natural environments and that of a suitable control on the acute psychophysiological stress response. Eighteen studies were rated as being of moderate quality, four studies of low quality, and four studies of high quality. Meta-analyses indicated that seated relaxation (g = .5, p = .06) and walking (g = .3, p = .02) in natural environments enhanced heart rate variability more than the same activities in control conditions. Cortisol concentration measures were inconsistent. While intuitively and theoretically sound, the empirical support for acute stress-reducing effects of immersion in natural environments is tentative due to small sample sizes and methodological weaknesses in the studies. We provide guidelines for future research.

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公共绿地对​​急性心理生理应激反应的影响：实验和准实验证据的系统回顾和元分析

与自然接触被广泛认为可以缓解心理压力，但对因果关系的实证支持是有限的。我们进行了系统回顾以综合和批判性地评估证据。搜索了六个电子数据库。26 项研究评估了自然环境和适当控制对急性心理生理应激反应的影响之间的差异。18 项研究被评为中等质量，4 项研究为低质量，4 项研究为高质量。荟萃分析表明，在自然环境中坐着放松 (g = .5, p = .06) 和步行 (g = .3, p = .02) 比在控制条件下的相同活动更能提高心率变异性。皮质醇浓度测量不一致。虽然直观和理论上合理，由于研究中的样本量小和方法论上的缺陷，对沉浸在自然环境中的急性减压效果的实证支持是暂时的。我们为未来的研究提供指导。