This letter is on the multi-user massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) uplink with the mixed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture and the zero-forcing (ZF) receiver at the base station (BS). Under imperfect channel state information (CSI), a closed-form approximation of the spectral efficiency (SE) is derived for a general resolution profile. Further, simplified SE results are provided for two common asymptotic massive MIMO scenarios. In the SE analysis, to overcome the difficulty induced by the mixed-ADC structure, new techniques are developed in calculating the average noise powers caused by the CSI error and the quantization.

中文翻译：

---

具有 ZF 接收器和不完美 CSI 的混合 ADC 大规模 MIMO 上行链路的 SE 分析

这封信位于具有混合模数转换器 (ADC) 架构和基站 (BS) 迫零 (ZF) 接收器的多用户大规模多输入多输出 (MIMO) 上行链路上。在不完美的信道状态信息 (CSI) 下，可以为一般分辨率分布导出频谱效率 (SE) 的封闭形式近似值。此外，还为两种常见的渐近大规模 MIMO 场景提供了简化的 SE 结果。在 SE 分析中，为了克服混合 ADC 结构带来的困难，开发了计算由 CSI 误差和量化引起的平均噪声功率的新技术。