This article presents a graphene-based, dynamically reconfigurable antenna with a voltage-controlled, far-field radiation pattern in the microwave frequency band. The proposed antenna consists of two radiating patches and a planar feed network mainly composed of a graphene-based attenuator and a power divider with a hybrid graphene–metal phase shifter. The output phase of the phase shifter changes by a bias voltage on the graphene. The antenna has two operating states with different beam directions when the bias voltage is between 0.7 and 5 V. The equivalent circuit model is employed to analyze the phase shift characteristic of the graphene–metal phase shifter. Then the prototype of the reconfigurable antenna is fabricated and tested. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. This article demonstrates that in the microwave frequency band, by proper design, the graphene–metal structure can be used to realize the new type of the reconfigurable antenna, in which this kind of graphene-based tuning structure can be easily stacked with other circuits by a simple pasting technique than soldering. This feature has potential applications in flexible radio frequency system in future.

中文翻译：

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具有可重构模式的基于石墨烯的微波天线

本文介绍了一种基于石墨烯的动态可重构天线，在微波频段具有电压控制的远场辐射模式。所提出的天线由两个辐射贴片和一个平面馈电网络组成，该网络主要由一个基于石墨烯的衰减器和一个带有混合石墨烯-金属移相器的功率分配器组成。移相器的输出相位随石墨烯上的偏置电压而变化。当偏置电压在0.7和5 V之间时，天线具有两种不同波束方向的工作状态。采用等效电路模型分析石墨烯-金属移相器的相移特性。然后制作并测试了可重构天线的原型。实验结果与模拟结果吻合较好。本文论证了在微波频段，通过适当的设计，石墨烯-金属结构可用于实现新型可重构天线，其中这种基于石墨烯的调谐结构可以很容易地与其他电路堆叠一种比焊接更简单的粘贴技术。该特性在未来灵活的射频系统中具有潜在的应用。