A differentially fed hybrid dipole, slot, and patch antenna with unidirectional radiation patterns is designed in this article. The antenna consists of a metal strip, a patch loaded with a slot, and a simple wideband 180° out-of-phase power splitter (OPS). The OPS can generate two signals with the same amplitude but accurate phase difference of 180° to achieve one-port differential feeding. The hybrid modes of different types of antennas, i.e., dipole, patch, and slot, are excited to obtain five bands. Additionally, the TM01, TM21, and TM03 modes of the patch antenna are excited. By loading the slot and the metal strip, the radiation pattern of TM21 mode is converted from conical to broadside, and the ground walls further concentrate the radiation pattern. The ground walls also enhance the antenna gain, with the increments of 1 dB at 3.5 GHz, 3.4 dB at 4.65 GHz, 4.1 dB at 5.5 GHz, and 1.4 dB at 6.3 GHz. Finally, the antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the antenna covers five impedance bandwidths (IMBWs) of 1.85–1.91 GHz (3.2%), 3.13–3.66 GHz (15.6%), 4.62–4.98 GHz (7.5%), 5.10–5.82 GHz (13.2%), and 6.10–6.57 GHz (7.4%) for $\vert \,\,{S} _{11}\vert < - 10$ dB. The radiation patterns at each band are toward the broadside, with peak gains of 5.1 dBi at 1.85 GHz, 8.8 dBi at 3.45 GHz, 8.8 dBi at 4.7 GHz, 12.2 dBi at 5.5 GHz, and 9.7 dBi at 6.3 GHz.

中文翻译：

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具有单向辐射图的差分馈电混合偶极子、缝隙和贴片天线

本文设计了一种具有单向辐射模式的差分馈电混合偶极子、缝隙和贴片天线。天线由金属条、装有缝隙的贴片和简单的宽带 180°异相功率分配器 (OPS) 组成。OPS可以产生两个幅度相同但相位差精确到180°的信号，实现单端口差分馈电。不同类型天线的混合模式，即偶极子、贴片和缝隙，被激发以获得五个频带。此外，贴片天线的 TM01、TM21 和 TM03 模式被激发。通过加载插槽和金属条，TM21模式的辐射方向图从锥形转换为宽边，并且地墙进一步集中辐射方向图。地墙还增强了天线增益，在 3.5 GHz 时增量为 1 dB，3。4.65 GHz 时为 4 dB，5.5 GHz 时为 4.1 dB，6.3 GHz 时为 1.4 dB。最后，天线被制造和测量。测量结果表明，天线覆盖了 1.85–1.91 GHz (3.2%)、3.13–3.66 GHz (15.6%)、4.62–4.98 GHz (7.5%)、5.10–5.82 GHz (13.2%) 五个阻抗带宽 (IMBW) , 和 6.10–6.57 GHz (7.4%) 对于 $\vert \,\,{S} _{11}\vert < - 10$ dB。每个频段的辐射模式都朝向宽边，1.85 GHz 时的峰值增益为 5.1 dBi，3.45 GHz 时为 8.8 dBi，4.7 GHz 时为 8.8 dBi，5.5 GHz 时为 12.2 dBi，6.3 GHz 时为 9.7 dBi。4%) 对于 $\vert \,\,{S} _{11}\vert < - 10$ dB。每个频段的辐射模式都朝向宽边，1.85 GHz 时的峰值增益为 5.1 dBi，3.45 GHz 时为 8.8 dBi，4.7 GHz 时为 8.8 dBi，5.5 GHz 时为 12.2 dBi，6.3 GHz 时为 9.7 dBi。4%) 对于 $\vert \,\,{S} _{11}\vert < - 10$ dB。每个频段的辐射模式都朝向宽边，1.85 GHz 时的峰值增益为 5.1 dBi，3.45 GHz 时为 8.8 dBi，4.7 GHz 时为 8.8 dBi，5.5 GHz 时为 12.2 dBi，6.3 GHz 时为 9.7 dBi。