1. Widespread plant species generally have high intraspecific variation in functional traits, which is reflected in their great variety of phenotypes. This variety can result from both genetic differences due to local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. With high intraspecific variation and nearly global distribution, the common reed Phragmites australis is a suitable model species for studying the underlying mechanisms of intraspecific trait variation.
2. In this study, 71 genotypes of P. australis from seven phylogeographic groups were transplanted into two replicate common gardens located in very different climates: northern Europe and mid‐east Asia. We measured seven functional traits of all these genotypes over the growing season, including shoot height, maximum biomass per shoot, shoot density, node number per stem, leaf life span, flowering occurrence and flowering date. Our aim was to assess the relative effects of genetic (phylogeographic origin) and environmental (common garden) status, and interactions between them, on intraspecific variation in functional traits of P. australis.
3. We found common garden having the strongest influence on most functional traits studied. All traits except flowering occurrence varied significantly across gardens, revealing the important role of phenotypic plasticity on trait variation in P. australis. We also found significant differences in trait variation among the different phylogeographic groups of P. australis and, thus, evidence for genetically determined intraspecific variation in the morphological and life‐history traits addressed in this study. All functional traits showed significant (p ≤ 0.0054), albeit minor to moderately explained (R² ≤ 0.57), latitudinal patterns in both gardens. Covariation of multiple traits was similar in the two gardens. Phenotypic plasticity was trait‐ specific, and the plasticity of shoot height and maximum biomass per shoot increased towards higher latitude of genotypic origin. Our results indicate that the latitude of origin affects the evolution of functional traits, as well as their phenotypic plasticity.
4. Since phenotypic plasticity is a crucial mechanism for acclimation and evolution, our findings support the role of gene‐based adaptive phenotypic plasticity in plant evolution. The intraspecific spatial variation in functional traits and their phenotypic plasticity can help predict species distribution, persistence and invasion under global climate change.

中文翻译：

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芦苇种内变化：功能性状的表皮适应性和表型可塑性随来源纬度而变化

1. 广泛存在的植物物种通常在功能性状上具有较高的种内变异性，这反映在它们丰富的表型上。这种变化可能是由于局部适应和表型可塑性引起的遗传差异所致。芦苇芦苇具有较高的种内变异和近乎全球分布，是研究种内性状变异潜在机制的合适模型物种。
2. 在这项研究中，来自七个地理学组的71个基因型澳大利亚假单胞菌被移植到两个位于非常不同的气候环境中的复制的共同花园中：北欧和中东。我们在生长季节测量了所有这些基因型的七个功能性状，包括枝条高度，单枝最大生物量，枝条密度，每个茎节数，叶片寿命，开花发生和开花日期。我们的目的是评估遗传（植物学起源）和环境（公共花园）状况的相对影响，以及它们之间的相互作用，对澳大利亚原住民功能性状的种内变异。
3. 我们发现普通花园对所研究的大多数功能性状影响最大。在花园中，除开花期外的所有性状均存在显着差异，这表明表型可塑性对南方假单胞菌性状变异具有重要作用。我们还发现了不同的南方古生物学特征组之间在性状变异方面存在显着差异，因此，本研究解决了形态和生活史特征在遗传上确定的种内变异的证据。所有功能性状表明显著（p  ≤0.0054），尽管轻微至中度解释（- [R ² ≤0.57），两个花园的纬度模式。两个花园中多个性状的协变相似。表型可塑性是性状特异的，并且茎高和每枝最大生物量的可塑性朝着更高的基因型起源纬度增加。我们的结果表明，起源的纬度会影响功能性状的进化以及它们的表型可塑性。
4. 由于表型可塑性是驯化和进化的关键机制，因此我们的发现支持基于基因的适应性表型可塑性在植物进化中的作用。功能性状的种内空间变化及其表型可塑性可以帮助预测全球气候变化下的物种分布，持久性和入侵。