BACKGROUND Physical muscle function and brain hippocampus size declines with age, accelerating after the age of 60. Strength training over a few months improves physical function, but less is known about how long-term strength training affects physical function and hippocampus volume. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of 1-year strength training of two different intensities upon muscle mass, function, and hippocampus volume in retirement-age individuals. METHODS In this multidisciplinary randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02123641), participants were allocated to either a) supervised, heavy resistance training (HRT, n = 149, 3/wk), b) moderate intensity resistance training (MIT, n = 154, 3/wk) or c) non-exercise activities (CON, n = 148). 451 participants were randomized (62-70 yrs., women 61%, ≈80% with a chronic medical disease) and 419 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis (n = 143, 144 and 132; HRT, MIT and CON). Changes in muscle power (primary outcome), strength and size, physical function, body composition, hippocampus volume and physical/mental well-being were analyzed. FINDINGS Of the participants (HRT + MIT), 83% completed training at least 2/week. Leg extensor power was unchanged in all groups, but strength training had a positive effect on isometric knee extensor strength in both groups, whereas an increased muscle mass, cross-sectional area of vastus lateralis muscle, a decreased whole-body fat percentage, visceral fat content and an improved mental health (SF-36) occurred in HRT only. Further, chair-stand performance improved in all groups, whereas hippocampus volume decreased in all groups over time with no influence of strength training. INTERPRETATION Together, the results indicate that leg extensor power did not respond to long-term supervised strength training, but this type of training in a mixed group of healthy and chronically diseased elderly individuals can be implemented with good compliance and induces consistent changes in physiological parameters of muscle strength, muscle mass and abdominal fat.

中文翻译：

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长时间的力量训练对健康和慢性病老年人的肌肉和脂肪的影响。

背景技术身体的肌肉功能和大脑海马体的大小会随着年龄的增长而下降，在60岁以后会加速。几个月的力量训练可以改善身体的机能，但是对于长期的力量训练如何影响身体的功能和海马体的体积知之甚少。因此，我们旨在研究两种不同强度的1年力量训练对退休年龄个体肌肉质量，功能和海马体积的影响。方法在这项多学科随机对照试验（clinicaltrials.gov：NCT02123641）中，参与者被分配到a）有监督的重阻力训练（HRT，n = 149，3 / wk），b）中强度抵抗训练（MIT，n = 154，3 / wk）或c）非运动活动（CON，n = 148）。随机分配了451名参与者（62-70岁，女性61％，意图治疗分析中包括≈80％的慢性医学疾病）和419（n = 143、144和132； HRT，MIT和CON）。分析了肌肉力量（主要结局），力量和大小，身体机能，身体成分，海马体积和身体/心理健康状况的变化。结果在参与者（HRT + MIT）中，有83％的参与者每周至少完成2次培训。所有组的腿部伸肌力量均未改变，但是力量训练对两组等距膝部伸肌力量均具有积极影响，而肌肉质量增加，外侧股肌横断面积增加，全身脂肪百分比降低，内脏脂肪减少仅在HRT中发生了精神分裂症，并改善了心理健康（SF-36）。此外，所有组的椅子支架性能都有所提高，而所有组的海马体积均随时间下降，而没有力量训练的影响。解释在一起，结果表明，腿部伸肌力量对长期的有监督的力量训练没有反应，但是可以在良好的依从性下进行混合训练，在健康的和慢性病的老年患者的混合组中进行，并诱导生理参数的一致变化肌肉力量，肌肉质量和腹部脂肪。