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Are abyssal scavenging amphipod assemblages linked to climate cycles?
Progress in Oceanography ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102318
Tammy Horton , Michael H. Thurston , Rianna Vlierboom , Zoe Gutteridge , Corinne A. Pebody , Andrew R. Gates , Brian J. Bett

Abstract Scavenging amphipods are a numerically dominant and taxonomically diverse group that are key necrophages in deep-sea environments. They contribute to the detrital food web by scavenging large food-falls and provide a food source for other organisms, at bathyal and abyssal depths. Samples of this assemblage have been collected at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (PAP-SO) in the North Atlantic (48°50′N 16°30′W, 4850 m) for >30 years. They were collected by means of baited traps between 1985 and 2016, covering a period of well-characterised changes in the upper ocean. From the 19 samples analysed, a total of 16 taxa were identified from 106,261 specimens. Four taxa, Abyssorchomene chevreuxi (Stebbing, 1906), Paralicella tenuipes Chevreux, 1908, P. caperesca Shulenberger & Barnard, 1976, and Eurythenes spp., dominated catches and were present in all samples. The dominant species varied in time with P. tenuipes typically dominant early in the time series (1985–1997) and its congener, P. caperesca, typically dominant later (2011–2016). Amphipod faunal composition exhibited a significant correlation with the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation ( AMO ). Amphipod diversity was significantly lower in years with higher estimated volumetric particle flux at 3000 m. Species richness varied significantly between AMO phases, with higher values during ‘cool’ phase. Our results suggest a ‘regime shift’ in scavenging amphipod communities following a ‘regime shift’ in surface ocean conditions driven by a phase shift in Atlantic climate (from cool to warm AMO). This shift manifests itself in a remarkable change in dominant species, from obligate necrophages such as Paralicella spp., with semelparous reproduction to Abyssorchomene spp. which have a more varied diet and iteroparous reproduction, and are thus potentially more able to take advantage of greater or varied food availability from increased organic matter flux to the abyssal seafloor.

中文翻译:

深海清除片脚类动物组合是否与气候周期有关?

摘要 清除片脚类动物是数量上占优势且分类学上多样化的群体,它们是深海环境中的关键噬菌体。它们通过清除大量的食物残渣来为碎屑食物网做出贡献,并为深海和深海深处的其他生物提供食物来源。在北大西洋(48°50′N 16°30′W,4850 m)的豪猪深海平原持续观测站(PAP-SO)收集了这种组合的样本超过30年。它们是在 1985 年至 2016 年期间通过诱饵陷阱收集的,涵盖了上层海洋的一段特征明确的变化时期。从分析的 19 个样本中,从 106,261 个标本中总共确定了 16 个分类群。四种分类群,Abyssorchomene chevreuxi (Stebbing, 1906)、Paralicella tenuipes Chevreux, 1908、P. caperesca Shulenberger & Barnard, 1976 和 Eurythenes spp.,占主导地位,并存在于所有样品中。优势种随时间变化,P. tenuipes 通常在时间序列早期(1985-1997)占优势,而其同源物 P. caperesca 通常在后期(2011-2016)占优势。片脚类动物群落组成表现出与大西洋多年代际振荡 (AMO) 的显着相关性。在 3000 m 处估计体积粒子通量较高的年份中,片脚类动物的多样性显着降低。AMO 阶段之间的物种丰富度差异很大,“冷”阶段的值更高。我们的研究结果表明,在大西洋气候(从凉爽到温暖的 AMO)的相移驱动下,表层海洋条件发生“体制转变”之后,清除片脚类群落的“体制转变”。这种转变体现在优势物种的显着变化上,从专性噬菌体如Paralicella spp.,通过半产生殖到Abyssorchomene spp。它们具有更多样化的饮食和迭代繁殖,因此更有可能利用更多或多样化的食物供应,从增加的有机物质通量到深海海底。
更新日期:2020-05-01
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