Regulatory T (T_reg) cells constitute a dynamic population that is essential for controlling immune responses in health and disease. Defects in T_reg cell function and decreases in T_reg cell numbers have been observed in patients with autoimmunity and the opposite effects on T_reg cells occur in cancer settings. Current research on new therapies for these diseases is focused on modulating T_reg cell function to increase or decrease suppressive activity in autoimmunity and cancer, respectively. In this regard, several co-inhibitory receptors that are preferentially expressed by T_reg cells under homeostatic conditions have recently been shown to control T_reg cell function and stability in different disease settings. These receptors could be amenable to therapeutic targeting aimed at modulating T_reg cell function and plasticity. This Review summarizes recent data regarding the role of co-inhibitory molecules in the control of T_reg cell function and stability, with a focus on their roles and potential therapeutic use in autoimmunity and cancer.

调节性T（T _reg）细胞构成动态种群，对于控制健康和疾病中的免疫反应至关重要。在具有自身免疫性的患者中已观察到T _reg细胞功能缺陷和T _reg细胞数量减少，并且在癌症环境中对T _reg细胞的作用相反。目前针对这些疾病的新疗法的研究集中于调节T _reg细胞的功能，以分别增加或降低自身免疫和癌症的抑制活性。在这方面，最近显示了在稳态条件下由T _reg细胞优先表达的几种共抑制受体可以控制T _reg。在不同疾病环境中的细胞功能和稳定性。这些受体可以接受治疗性靶向，旨在调节T _reg细胞的功能和可塑性。这篇综述总结了关于共抑制分子在控制T _reg细胞功能和稳定性中的作用的最新数据，重点是它们在自身免疫和癌症中的作用和潜在的治疗用途。