Bees are vital pollinators, but are faced with numerous threats that include loss of floral resources and emerging parasites amongst others. Urbanisation is a rapidly expanding driver of land-use change that may interact with these two major threats to bees. Here we investigated effects of urbanisation on food store quality and colony health in honeybees (Apis mellifera) by sampling 51 hives in four different land-use categories: urban, suburban, rural open and rural wooded during two seasons (spring and autumn). We found positive effects of urban land use on colony strength and richness of stored pollen morphotypes, alongside lower late-season Nosema sp. infection in urban and suburban colonies. Our results reveal that honeybees exhibit lower colony performance in strength in rural areas, adding to the growing evidence that modern agricultural landscapes can constitute poor habitat for insect pollinators.

中文翻译：

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城市化与减少的 Nosema sp 相关。蜜蜂感染、较高的菌落强度和较高的采食花粉丰富度

蜜蜂是重要的传粉者，但面临着许多威胁，包括花卉资源的丧失和新出现的寄生虫等。城市化是土地利用变化的一个迅速扩大的驱动因素，可能与蜜蜂面临的这两个主要威胁相互作用。在这里，我们通过在两个季节（春季和秋季）对四个不同土地利用类别的 51 个蜂巢进行抽样调查，研究城市化对蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）食品商店质量和群体健康的影响：城市、郊区、农村开放和农村林地。我们发现城市土地利用对菌落强度和储存花粉形态类型的丰富度有积极影响，以及较低的晚季 Nosema sp。在城市和郊区的殖民地感染。我们的结果表明，蜜蜂在农村地区表现出较低的群体强度，