Stable isotopes in wood lignin methoxyl groups (δ²H_LM and δ¹³C_LM values) have been suggested as valuable complementary paleoclimate proxies. In permafrost forests, tree growth is influenced by multiple factors, however temperature appears to have the strongest impact on tree growth and, therefore, on carbon cycling. To test whether δ²H_LM and δ¹³C_LM values of trees from permafrost regions might record climate parameters, two dominant tree species (Larix gmelinii, larch, and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, pine) collected from a permafrost forest in China's Greater Hinggan Mountains, were investigated. The two tree species larch and pine covered time spans of 1940 to 2013 and 1870 to 2013, respectively. Results showed significant correlations of pine and larch δ²H_LM values and larch δ¹³C_LM values with temperatures and in particular with the mean temperature of the growing-season from April to August. However, only weak correlations of δ²H_LM and δ¹³C_LM values with moisture conditions, such as precipitation amount and relative humidity were observed. In addition, species specificity in the climatic response was most obvious for δ¹³C_LM values. Compared to a temperature reconstruction based on tree ring width, pine δ²H_LM–based reconstruction showed strongest spatial correlations with regional temperature. Therefore, δ²H_LM values might be a promising proxy to reconstruct growing-season temperatures in permafrost regions.