Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes involved in the contamination of aquatic environments since they release toxins that are highly potent and dangerous for living organisms. Prokaryotes produce endo and exotoxins, among others. Exotoxins are highly toxic, while endotoxins have milder toxic effects. The present study evaluated the cytotoxicogenetic potency of both toxins studying them in different concentrations of cyanobacterial biomasses (1 μg/L, 1.5 μg/L, 2 μg/L), to assess the amount of exotoxin present in the cultured medium in which the cyanobacteria were grown. For this evaluation, we used an extract taken from the medium in a concentration of 10%. Our results showed that genotoxic and mutagenic changes in Allium cepa could be observed in all of the varying concentrations of biomass (endotoxin action) and also in the medium induced with exotoxin. Even at low concentrations, these toxins were highly effective at triggering changes in the DNA molecules of organisms exposed to them. This information is highly significant when considering environmental contamination caused by cyanobacteria blooms, since the results of this study show that these toxins may not only kill organisms when found in high concentrations, but also induce mutations when found in low concentrations. Since these mutations are expressed later on in the organisms, it is impossible to associate the observed effect with the event that induced the damage.

中文翻译：

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蓝细菌产生的内毒素和外毒素诱导的DNA损伤。

蓝细菌是参与水生环境污染的原核生物，因为它们释放出对生物体非常有效且危险的毒素。原核生物产生内毒素和外毒素等。外毒素具有高毒性，而内毒素具有较轻的毒性作用。本研究评估了两种毒素在不同浓度的蓝细菌生物量（1μg/ L，1.5μg/ L，2μg/ L）中对它们的毒性作用，以评估存在蓝细菌的培养基中外毒素的量。长大了。对于此评估，我们使用了从培养基中提取的浓度为10％的提取物。我们的结果表明，在所有不同浓度的生物量（内毒素作用）以及外毒素诱导的培养基中，洋葱都能观察到遗传毒性和诱变变化。即使在低浓度下，这些毒素也能有效触发接触它们的生物的DNA分子变化。当考虑到由蓝细菌繁殖引起的环境污染时，此信息非常重要，因为这项研究的结果表明，这些毒素不仅在高浓度时会杀死生物，而且在低浓度时也会诱发突变。由于这些突变稍后会在生物体中表达，因此不可能将观察到的效应与引起损害的事件联系起来。因为这项研究的结果表明，这些毒素不仅在高浓度时会杀死生物，而且在低浓度时也会诱发突变。由于这些突变稍后会在生物体中表达，因此不可能将观察到的效应与引起损害的事件联系起来。因为这项研究的结果表明，这些毒素不仅在高浓度时会杀死生物，而且在低浓度时也会诱发突变。由于这些突变稍后会在生物体中表达，因此不可能将观察到的效应与引起损害的事件联系起来。