Abstract A laboratory-made high-performance thin-film composite (TFC) forward osmosis (FO) membrane supported by a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support was firstly employed to treat the effluent produced by an anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor (AFBR). Synthetic wastewater was prepared to operate the AFBR, which produced the effluent for the FO process as post-treatment. The performance of the FO membrane was characterized via the measurement of the permeate flux, reverse salt (NaCl) flux and the rejection efficiency of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) mostly present in the AFBR effluent having low removal characteristics. An ultrathin and highly-crosslinked polyamide selective layer combined with the PAN support having a low structural parameter of the prepared PAN-supported TFC (PAN-TFC) membrane resulted in higher rejection to both nitrogen and salt compared to a commercial FO membrane. Importantly, the rejection of NH4-N higher than 70% was achieved by the PAN-TFC FO membrane. At 0.5 M NaCl draw solution, the PAN-TFC membrane exhibited the nitrogen flux of 0.92 ± 0.01 g m−2 h−1 and the permeate flux of 25 L m−2 h−1. The results demonstrate that the FO membrane can be one of the promising ways to effectively control the removal of contaminants present in AFBR effluent such as NH4-N as a post-treatment.

中文翻译：

---

高选择性正渗透膜工艺对厌氧流化床生物反应器出水进行后处理的可行性

摘要 首先采用实验室制造的聚丙烯腈（PAN）载体支撑的高性能薄膜复合（TFC）正渗透（FO）膜处理厌氧流化床生物反应器（AFBR）产生的污水。合成废水准备运行 AFBR，它为 FO 工艺生产出水作为后处理。FO 膜的性能通过测量渗透通量、反向盐 (NaCl) 通量和氨氮 (NH4-N) 的截留效率来表征，这些氨氮主要存在于具有低去除特性的 AFBR 流出物中。与商用 FO 膜相比，超薄且高度交联的聚酰胺选择性层与制备的 PAN 支持的 TFC (PAN-TFC) 膜具有低结构参数的 PAN 载体相结合，导致对氮和盐的截留率更高。重要的是，PAN-TFC FO 膜实现了高于 70% 的 NH4-N 截留率。在 0.5 M NaCl 汲取溶液中，PAN-TFC 膜表现出 0.92 ± 0.01 g m-2 h-1 的氮通量和 25 L m-2 h-1 的渗透通量。结果表明，FO 膜可以作为有效控制 AFBR 流出物中存在的污染物（如 NH4-N）的去除作为后处理的有前途的方法之一。PAN-TFC 膜表现出 0.92 ± 0.01 g m-2 h-1 的氮通量和 25 L m-2 h-1 的渗透通量。结果表明，FO 膜可以作为有效控制 AFBR 流出物中存在的污染物（如 NH4-N）的去除作为后处理的有前途的方法之一。PAN-TFC 膜表现出 0.92 ± 0.01 g m-2 h-1 的氮通量和 25 L m-2 h-1 的渗透通量。结果表明，FO 膜可以作为有效控制 AFBR 流出物中存在的污染物（如 NH4-N）的去除作为后处理的有前途的方法之一。