Neuronal dysfunction and synaptic loss are major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) which correlate with symptom severity. Impairment of the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory interneurons, which form around 20% of the total neuronal network, may be an early event contributing to neuronal circuit dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. This study examined the expression of two of the main classes of inhibitory interneurons, parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) interneurons in the temporal cortex and hippocampus of AD and control cases, using immunohistochemistry. We report a significant regional variation in the number of PV and SST interneurons with a higher number identified per mm2 in the temporal cortex compared to the hippocampus. Fewer SST interneurons, but not PV interneurons, were identified per mm2 in the temporal cortex of AD cases compared to control subjects. Our results support regional neuroanatomical effects on selective interneuron classes in AD, and suggest that impairment of the interneuronal circuit may contribute to neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline in AD.

中文翻译：

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阿尔茨海默病中间神经元的组织学特征显示颞叶皮质中生长抑素中间神经元丢失

神经元功能障碍和突触丢失是阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的主要标志，与症状严重程度相关。γ-氨基丁酸 (GABA) 能抑制性中间神经元的损伤，约占整个神经元网络的 20%，可能是导致神经退行性疾病中神经元回路功能障碍的早期事件。本研究使用免疫组织化学检查了两种主要类型的抑制性中间神经元、小清蛋白 (PV) 和生长抑素 (SST) 中间神经元在 AD 和对照病例的颞叶皮层和海马中的表达。我们报告了 PV 和 SST 中间神经元数量的显着区域差异，与海马体相比，颞叶皮层中每平方毫米识别出的数量更高。更少的 SST 中间神经元，但不是 PV 中间神经元，与对照受试者相比，在 AD 病例的颞叶皮层中每平方毫米确定了 我们的结果支持区域神经解剖学对 AD 中选择性中间神经元类别的影响，并表明中间神经元回路的损伤可能导致 AD 中的神经元功能障碍和认知能力下降。