Anthropogenic noise pollution and the introduction of novel infrastructure can impose strong selective pressures on avian communication by affecting the efficacy with which acoustic signals are transmitted and received. Many species have now been shown to sing at higher frequencies in noisy urban environments. However, few studies have investigated the effects of signal modification on the response behaviours of receivers, and fewer still have been able to indicate the timescale over which these changes in pitch have occurred. We compare vocal communication between house sparrows Passer domesticus that reside within the world's largest, single‐span glasshouse (completed in the year 2000), and house sparrows directly outside this glasshouse, in open farmland. The glasshouse contrasts both acoustically and physically with the external environment, low frequency background noise being significantly louder inside than outside. We show that minimum song frequency was significantly higher inside the glasshouse than in surrounding farm habitat. Using song playback, we also found that birds within the glasshouse reacted more strongly to playbacks from the glasshouse habitat than they did to playback of song from farm birds outside. The degree of difference in frequency is similar to that shown for other bird species between urban and rural environments, demonstrating that such behavioural differences may arise over a relatively short time period (14 yr in this case).

中文翻译：

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在玻璃下唱歌：人为栖息地改变对孤立家麻雀（Passerdomesticus）种群的歌唱和反应行为的快速影响

人为噪声污染和新型基础设施的引入可以通过影响声学信号传输和接收的效率对鸟类交流施加强大的选择压力。许多物种现在已被证明在嘈杂的城市环境中以更高的频率唱歌。然而，很少有研究调查信号修改对接收器响应行为的影响，而且很少有研究能够指出这些音调变化发生的时间尺度。我们比较了居住在世界上最大的单跨温室（于 2000 年完工）内的家麻雀 Passerdomesticus 与直接位于该温室外的开放农田中的家麻雀之间的声音交流。温室与外部环境在声学和物理上形成对比，低频背景噪音在室内比室外要大得多。我们表明温室内的最低歌曲频率明显高于周围的农场栖息地。使用歌曲播放，我们还发现温室内的鸟类对温室栖息地的播放反应比对室外农场鸟类播放的歌曲反应更强烈。频率差异程度与城市和农村环境之间其他鸟类的频率差异程度相似，表明这种行为差异可能会在相对较短的时间段内（在这种情况下为 14 年）出现。我们表明温室内的最低歌曲频率明显高于周围的农场栖息地。使用歌曲播放，我们还发现温室内的鸟类对温室栖息地的播放反应比对室外农场鸟类播放的歌曲反应更强烈。频率差异的程度与城市和农村环境之间其他鸟类的频率差异程度相似，表明这种行为差异可能会在相对较短的时间段内（在这种情况下为 14 年）出现。我们表明温室内的最低歌曲频率明显高于周围的农场栖息地。使用歌曲播放，我们还发现温室内的鸟类对温室栖息地的播放反应比对室外农场鸟类播放的歌曲反应更强烈。频率差异的程度与城市和农村环境之间其他鸟类的频率差异程度相似，表明这种行为差异可能会在相对较短的时间段内（在这种情况下为 14 年）出现。