In 2022, the European Space Agency and Roscosmos will launch the ExoMars rover, with the scientific objective to detect evidence of life within the Martian surface via the deployment of a 2 m drill. The ExoMars Pasteur payload contains several imaging and spectroscopic instruments key to this objective: the Panoramic Camera (PanCam), Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars (ISEM), and Close‐UP Imager (CLUPI). These instruments are able to collect data at a variety of spatial (sub‐mm to decimeter) and spectral (3.3 to 120 nm) resolutions across the 440 to 3,300 nm wavelength range and collectively will form a picture of the geological and morphological characteristics of the surface terrain surrounding the rover. We deployed emulators of this instrument suite at terrestrial analog sites that formed in a range of aqueous environments to test their ability to detect and characterize science targets. We find that the emulator suite is able to effectively detect, characterize, and refine the compositions of multiple targets at working distances spanning from 2 to 18 m. We report on (a) the detection of hydrothermal alteration minerals including Fe‐smectites and gypsum from basaltic substrates, (b) the detection of late‐stage diagenetic gypsum veins embedded in exposures of sedimentary mudstone, (c) multispectral evidence of compositional differences detected from fossiliferous mudstones, and (d) approaches to cross‐referencing multi‐scale and multi‐resolution data. These findings aid in the development of data products and analysis toolkits in advance of the ExoMars rover mission.

中文翻译：

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ExoMars 2022 Rover遥感有效载荷对矿物学的多尺度和多光谱表征

2022年，欧洲航天局和Roscosmos将发射ExoMars火星漫游车，其科学目标是通过部署2 m钻探来探测火星表面生命的证据。ExoMars Pasteur的有效负载包含几个实现该目标的关键成像和光谱仪器：全景相机（PanCam），ExoMars红外光谱仪（ISEM）和近摄成像仪（CLUPI）。这些仪器能够在440至3,300 nm波长范围内以各种空间（亚毫米至分米）和光谱（3.3至120 nm）的分辨率收集数据，并共同形成一张该岩的地质和形态特征图。流动站周围的地面地形。我们在一系列水环境中形成的地面模拟地点部署了该仪器套件的仿真器，以测试其检测和表征科学目标的能力。我们发现，该仿真器套件能够有效地检测，表征和细化工作距离为2至18 m的多个目标的组成。我们报告了（a）从玄武质底物中检测到热液蚀变矿物，包括铁-蒙脱石和石膏，（b）检测到沉积在泥质泥岩中的晚期成岩石膏脉，（c）检测到成分差异的多光谱证据（d）交叉引用多尺度和多分辨率数据的方法。