Asteroids and comets have the potential to impact Earth and cause damage at the local to global scale. Deflection or disruption of a potentially hazardous object could prevent future Earth impacts, but due to our limited ability to perform experiments directly on asteroids, our understanding of the process relies upon large‐scale hydrodynamic simulations. Related simulations must be vetted through code validation by benchmarking against relevant laboratory‐scale, hypervelocity‐impact experiments. To this end, we compare simulation results from Spheral, an adaptive smoothed particle hydrodynamics code, to the fragment‐mass and velocity data from the 1991 two‐stage light gas‐gun impact experiment on a basalt sphere target, conducted at Kyoto University by Nakamura and Fujiwara. We find that the simulations are sensitive to the selected strain models, strength models, and material parameters. We find that, by using appropriate choices for these models in conjunction with well‐constrained material parameters, the simulations closely resemble with the experimental results. Numerical codes implementing these model and parameter selections may provide new insight into the formation of asteroid families (Michel et al., 2015, https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131‐ch018) and predictions of deflection for the Double Asteroid Redirection mission (Stickle et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.763).

中文翻译：

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小规模偏转代码验证的实验室规模，超高速冲击实验的数值模拟

小行星和彗星有可能撞击地球并在局部到全球范围内造成损害。偏转或破坏潜在危险物体可能会阻止未来的地球撞击，但由于我们直接在小行星上进行实验的能力有限，因此我们对过程的理解依赖于大规模的流体动力学模拟。必须通过以相关实验室规模，超高速撞击实验为基准进行代码验证来审查相关的模拟。为此，我们将自适应球面流体动力学代码Spheral的模拟结果与1991年由中村在京都大学进行的玄武岩球靶的两阶段轻气枪撞击实验的碎片质量和速度数据进行了比较和藤原 我们发现模拟对所选的应变模型很敏感，强度模型和材料参数。我们发现，通过对这些模型使用适当的选择以及受约束的材料参数，模拟与实验结果非常相似。实施这些模型和参数选择的数字代码可以提供对小行星族形成的新见识（Michel等人，2015，https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch018）以及双小行星重定向任务的偏转预测（Stickle等人，2017，https：//doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.763）。