The volcanic origin, primarily basaltic, of most of the surface material in Iceland influences its physical properties and appearance. Size distributions, shape analyses and melting experiments were made for surface material collected in high‐erosion dust source areas and fresh volcanic ash deposits to determine whether they differ from one another and from dust from other major dust sources. The major differences found between Icelandic dust and dust from other major dust sources in the world, such as the Sahara, are in the particle shapes, lower density and darker colour. Icelandic dust particles greater than 20 μm retain volcanic morphological properties that are also found in fresh volcanic ash. Dust and fresh volcanic ash particles less than 20 μm are crystalline and blocky in nature, similar to the dust from other global source regions. The finer grained (<20 μm) Icelandic particles will have similar suspension and transport behaviours and be similarly hazardous to health and infrastructure as non‐Icelandic dust. The coarser particles (>20 μm) will have different suspension and transport behaviours than other dusts due to the volcanic morphology. Icelandic surface material has between 5% and 30% glassy particles compared to fresh volcanic ash which has more than 50% glassy particles. Glassy particles were observed to melt at a lower temperature than the mineral grains; and, as a result, volcanic ash is found to be more threatening to aircraft engines than the typical dust from Iceland. Icelandic dust was observed to be blocky, or plate‐like in the respirable size fraction, suggesting similar health hazards as dust from other regions.

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冰岛粉尘源材料和火山灰的性质

冰岛大部分表层材料的火山成因，主要是玄武质，影响其物理性质和外观。对在高侵蚀性粉尘源区域和新鲜的火山灰沉积物中收集的表面材料进行了尺寸分布，形状分析和熔化实验，以确定它们是否彼此不同以及是否与其他主要粉尘源的尘埃不同。冰岛的尘埃与世界上其他主要尘埃来源（例如撒哈拉）的尘埃之间的主要区别在于颗粒形状，密度较低和颜色较深。大于20μm的冰岛尘埃颗粒保留了火山形态特征，这在新鲜火山灰中也可以找到。小于20μm的尘埃和新鲜火山灰颗粒具有结晶性和块状性质，类似于其他全球来源地区的尘埃。粒度更细（<20μm）的冰岛颗粒将具有相似的悬浮和运输行为，并且与非冰岛粉尘类似地危害健康和基础设施。由于火山的形态，较粗的颗粒（> 20μm）将具有与其他尘埃不同的悬浮和运输行为。冰岛表层材料的玻璃状颗粒介于5％和30％之间，而新鲜火山灰的玻璃状颗粒则超过50％。观察到玻璃状颗粒的熔融温度低于矿物颗粒的熔融温度；结果，发现火山灰比冰岛的典型粉尘对飞机发动机的威胁更大。据观察，冰岛的粉尘呈块状，或可呼吸的大小部分呈板状，表明与其他地区的粉尘具有相似的健康危害。20μm）冰岛颗粒将具有与非冰岛粉尘类似的悬浮和运输行为，并且对健康和基础设施同样具有危害。由于火山的形态，较粗的颗粒（> 20μm）将具有与其他粉尘不同的悬浮和运输性能。冰岛表层材料的玻璃状颗粒介于5％和30％之间，而新鲜火山灰的玻璃状颗粒则超过50％。观察到玻璃状颗粒的熔融温度低于矿物颗粒的熔融温度；结果，发现火山灰比冰岛的典型粉尘对飞机发动机的威胁更大。据观察，冰岛的粉尘呈块状，或可呼吸的大小部分呈板状，表明与其他地区的粉尘具有相似的健康危害。20μm）冰岛颗粒将具有与非冰岛粉尘类似的悬浮和运输行为，并且对健康和基础设施同样具有危害。由于火山的形态，较粗的颗粒（> 20μm）将具有与其他粉尘不同的悬浮和运输性能。冰岛表层材料的玻璃状颗粒介于5％和30％之间，而新鲜火山灰的玻璃状颗粒则超过50％。观察到玻璃状颗粒的熔融温度低于矿物颗粒的熔融温度；结果，发现火山灰比冰岛的典型粉尘对飞机发动机的威胁更大。据观察，冰岛的粉尘呈块状，或可呼吸的大小部分呈板状，表明与其他地区的粉尘具有相似的健康危害。