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Tsunami deposits: Present knowledge and future challenges
Sedimentology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-20 , DOI: 10.1111/sed.12724
Pedro J. M. Costa 1, 2 , César Andrade 2, 3
Affiliation  

Tsunami deposits are the primary source of information on (past) large tsunami events and thereby are crucial for accurate hazard assessments. Tsunami deposits studies have developed over the last three decades, but this is still a young geoscience discipline. Following the 5th International Tsunami Field Symposium in 2017 an opportunity arose to publish a Special Issue focusing on present knowledge and future research challenges. This paper aims to briefly review current state‐of‐the‐art research, summarizing major findings and gathering relevant works that describe the progress achieved over the last three decades. In this paper the relevance of tsunami deposits, their peculiar sedimentary characteristics and their differentiation from other high energy events are presented. Especially over the last decade an incredibly high number of studies have been published on tsunami deposits, many of which are of a high quality and provide detailed literature reviews. Some of these studies represent the current progress discussed here. Challenges are also introduced, to spur a discussion on future scientific questions that can and should be addressed by tsunami geoscientists. Coupling onshore–offshore records is an area where tsunami geoscience faces some of its major challenges. Moreover, the application of non‐destructive high‐resolution techniques to study the internal structure and composition of tsunami deposits can also provide an opportunity to further examine deposits, and from this derive physical parameters of the forcing mechanism. Another topic is better understanding of the erosional signature of tsunami events and a continuation of the effort to better incorporate age‐estimation methods by developing more accurate dating methodology. Finally, there is also the need for the improvement of empirical, forward and regressive numerical models to better contribute to the characterization of tsunami events.

中文翻译:

海啸矿床:当前的知识和未来的挑战

海啸沉积物是(过去)大型海啸事件的主要信息来源,因此对于准确的危害评估至关重要。在过去的三十年中,海啸矿床研究得到了发展,但这仍然是一门年轻的地球科学学科。继52017年国际海啸田野专题讨论会有机会出版一期特刊,着重介绍当前的知识和未来的研究挑战。本文旨在简要回顾当前的最新研究,总结主要发现并收集描述过去三十年取得的进展的相关工作。本文介绍了海啸沉积物的相关性,其独特的沉积特征以及与其他高能事件的区别。特别是在过去的十年中,有关海啸沉积物的研究数量惊人地多,其中许多是高质量的,并且提供了详尽的文献综述。其中一些研究代表了此处讨论的当前进展。还提出了挑战,激发对海啸地球科学家可以并且应该解决的未来科学问题的讨论。陆上-海上记录的耦合是海啸地球科学面临的一些主要挑战的领域。此外,应用非破坏性高分辨率技术研究海啸沉积物的内部结构和成分也可以提供进一步检查沉积物的机会,并由此推导出强迫机制的物理参数。另一个主题是更好地了解海啸事件的侵蚀特征,并继续努力通过开发更精确的约会方法来更好地纳入年龄估计方法。最后,还需要改进经验,
更新日期:2020-03-20
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