Determining the movement and fate of fishes post‐stocking is challenging due to the difficulty in monitoring them, particularly immediately after release. Bloater (Coregonus hoyi; Salmonidae) is a deepwater cisco that has been extirpated from Lake Ontario for several decades and is presently the focus of binational restoration stocking efforts; however, there is limited information to evaluate the efficacy of these efforts. The aim of this study was to examine the initial post‐release survival, 3D movement, and behaviour of hatchery‐reared bloater stocked in Lake Ontario to expand knowledge of post‐stocking ecology of fish and inform stocking practices for deepwater ciscoes. In total, 74 hatchery‐reared bloater were tagged with acoustic transmitters with depth and temperature sensors in 2016, 2017, and 2018 and passively monitored on an array of 105 69‐kHz acoustic receivers deployed in north‐eastern Lake Ontario. Several spatial metrics analysed movements after release to investigate immediate post‐stocking survival and behaviour for the first time in a pelagic freshwater forage fish. Estimated survival for tagged bloater was low (≤42%) and detection periods of live bloater ranged from 0.2 to 12.1 days (mean ± SD: 2.9 ± 2.9 days). Following release, tagged bloater dispersed quickly and exhibited an association with deeper water (>40 m). Despite overlap in space use for some bloater, there was no evidence of schooling behaviour. Bloater underwent extensive diel vertical migration from near bottom to within metres of the surface. These results demonstrated that, despite high initial mortality, some hatchery‐reared bloater survived the initial stress of release and displayed characteristic behaviour of the species. This study demonstrated the value of acoustic telemetry in restoration efforts and revealed survival and behaviour of bloater that has never been observed at this resolution, providing novel information for the management of reintroduced species. Establishment of a self‐sustaining population of bloater will help restore fish native to Lake Ontario thus increasing prey fish diversity, improving ecological integrity and resilience, and serving as a model for the reintroduction and management of other native species throughout the Great Lakes.

中文翻译：

---

重新引入安大略湖的孵化场饲养的膨胀鱼（Coregonus hoyi）的放养后运动和存活

确定放养后鱼类的运动和命运具有挑战性，因为难以对其进行监测，尤其是在释放后立即监测。Bloater (Coregonus hoyi; Salmonidae) 是一种深水 cisco，几十年来已从安大略湖灭绝，目前是两国恢复放养工作的重点；然而，评估这些努力的效力的信息有限。本研究的目的是检查放养在安大略湖中孵化场养殖的浮肿鱼的初始放养后成活率、3D 运动和行为，以扩展鱼类放养后生态学的知识，并为深水思科鱼的放养实践提供信息。2016 年、2017 年、2017 年和 和 2018 年，并在安大略湖东北部部署的 105 个 69 kHz 声学接收器阵列上进行被动监测。一些空间指标分析了放生后的运动，以研究在远洋淡水饲料鱼中首次放养后的即时存活率和行为。标记腹胀的估计存活率较低 (≤42%)，活腹胀的检测期为 0.2 至 12.1 天（平均值±标准差：2.9±2.9 天）。释放后，标记的膨胀物迅速分散并表现出与更深的水 (>40 m) 的关联。尽管一些臃肿者的空间使用重叠，但没有证据表明学校行为。浮肿者经历了从近底到表面数米以内的广泛的垂直迁移。这些结果表明，尽管初始死亡率很高，一些孵化场饲养的浮肿动物在最初的释放压力下幸存下来，并表现出该物种的特征行为。这项研究证明了声学遥测在恢复工作中的价值，并揭示了在该分辨率下从未观察到的浮肿者的生存和行为，为重新引入的物种的管理提供了新的信息。建立一个自给自足的膨胀鱼种群将有助于恢复安大略湖的原生鱼类，从而增加猎物的多样性，提高生态完整性和恢复力，并成为重新引入和管理整个五大湖其他本地物种的典范。这项研究证明了声学遥测在恢复工作中的价值，并揭示了在该分辨率下从未观察到的浮肿者的生存和行为，为重新引入的物种的管理提供了新的信息。建立一个自给自足的膨胀鱼种群将有助于恢复安大略湖的原生鱼类，从而增加猎物的多样性，提高生态完整性和恢复力，并成为重新引入和管理整个五大湖其他本地物种的典范。这项研究证明了声学遥测在恢复工作中的价值，并揭示了在该分辨率下从未观察到的浮肿者的生存和行为，为重新引入的物种的管理提供了新的信息。建立一个自给自足的膨胀鱼种群将有助于恢复安大略湖的原生鱼类，从而增加猎物的多样性，提高生态完整性和恢复力，并成为重新引入和管理整个五大湖其他本地物种的典范。