PROBLEM 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2) catalyzes active glucocorticoids into their inactive products, preventing the passage of glucocorticoids into the fetus from maternal circulation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulates the expression of placental 11β-HSD2. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates inflammatory signaling. This study aimed to investigate the association among 11β-HSD2, PPAR-γ, and NF-κB p65 in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. METHOD OF STUDY Forty-six SGA and 46 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants were enrolled in this study. Both newborns and placentas were weighed. Placental 11β-HSD2 levels were measured using Western blotting. Placental PPAR-γ and NF-κB p65 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Placental inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS 11β-HSD2 levels were lower in SGA placentas than those in AGA placentas. Placental PPAR-γ-positive nuclei were less in SGA than those in AGA. By contrast, placental NF-κB p65-positive nuclei were more in SGA than those in AGA. The levels of CRP, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-1β, several inflammatory cytokines, were higher in SGA placentas. Correlation analysis showed that neonatal weight was positively associated with PPAR-γ and 11β-HSD2 in SGA placentas. By contrast, neonatal weight was inversely correlated with NF-κB p65 in SGA placentas. 11β-HSD2 was positively correlated with PPAR-γ in SGA placentas. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation-associated downregulation of placental PPAR-γ and 11β-HSD2 may be involved in SGA.

中文翻译：

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胎龄较小婴儿胎盘11β-HSD2，PPAR-γ和NF-κBp65的关联：巢式病例对照研究。

问题11β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶2（11β-HSD2）将活性糖皮质激素催化成其非活性产物，从而阻止糖皮质激素从母体循环中进入胎儿。过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPAR）γ是调节胎盘11β-HSD2表达的核受体超家族成员。核因子κB（NF-κB）是调节炎症信号的转录因子。这项研究旨在调查小胎龄（SGA）婴儿中11β-HSD2，PPAR-γ和NF-κBp65之间的关系。研究方法本研究纳入46例SGA和46例适合胎龄（AGA）的婴儿。新生儿和胎盘均称重。使用蛋白质印迹法测量胎盘11β-HSD2水平。免疫组化检测胎盘中PPAR-γ和NF-κBp65。通过实时RT-PCR评估胎盘炎性细胞因子。结果SGA胎盘中11β-HSD2水平低于AGA胎盘中11β-HSD2水平。SGA中胎盘PPAR-γ阳性细胞核少于AGA。相比之下，SGA中的胎盘NF-κBp65阳性核比AGA中的多。SGA胎盘中的几种炎症细胞因子CRP，TNF-α，IL-8和IL-1β的水平较高。相关分析表明，新生儿体重与SGA胎盘中的PPAR-γ和11β-HSD2正相关。相比之下，新生儿体重与SGA胎盘中的NF-κBp65呈负相关。SGA胎盘中11β-HSD2与PPAR-γ呈正相关。结论SGA可能与炎症相关的胎盘PPAR-γ和11β-HSD2下调有关。