Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and nocturnal enuresis (NE) have similar symptoms, for example, inattention and dysfunction of working memory. We investigate disorder‐specific abnormal activity by using the simple resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS‐fMRI) metric amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF). About 18 ADHD, NE, and typically developing children were examined by RS‐fMRI and the child behavior checklist (CBCL) test. One‐way ANOVA were used to compare the ALFF values of the three groups and post hoc was done. We conducted Pearson correlation analysis on the results of the three groups' scales with ALFF values at the discrepant brain areas after then. Significant group effect was found in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), cerebellum anterior lobe (CAL), and left inferior parietal lobule (IPL). There was no shared abnormal region for ADHD and NE. Specially, ADHD showed increased ALFF in the bilateral MPFC, left ITG, and CAL and showed decreased ALFF in the left MTG. The children with NE showed increased ALFF in the left IPL. This study reveals the brain mechanism of cognitive changes on ADHD and NE, which provides neuroimaging basis for behavioral differences among different diseases.

中文翻译：

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原发性夜间遗尿症和注意缺陷多动障碍静息态fMRI低频波动幅度

患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和夜间遗尿症（NE）的儿童具有相似的症状，例如注意力不集中和工作记忆功能障碍。我们通过使用简单的静息态功能磁共振成像 (RS-fMRI) 度量低频波动幅度 (ALFF) 来研究疾病特异性异常活动。大约 18 名 ADHD、NE 和正常发育的儿童接受了 RS-fMRI 和儿童行为清单 (CBCL) 测试。单因素方差分析用于比较三组的 ALFF 值并进行事后分析。之后，我们对三组量表的结果与不同脑区的ALFF值进行了Pearson相关分析。在双侧内侧前额叶皮层 (MPFC)、左侧颞下回 (ITG)、左侧颞中回 (MTG)、小脑前叶 (CAL) 和左侧顶下小叶 (IPL)。ADHD 和 NE 没有共享异常区域。特别是，ADHD 显示双侧 MPFC、左侧 ITG 和 CAL 的 ALFF 增加，并显示左侧 MTG 的 ALFF 减少。NE 患儿左侧 IPL 的 ALFF 增加。本研究揭示了ADHD和NE认知变化的大脑机制，为不同疾病之间的行为差​​异提供了神经影像学基础。