Raman microscopic measurements were used to analyse the detailed chemical composition and structure of three old papers dating from the 15th and 19th centuries. Raman mapping measurements were performed on the surface and along the cross‐section of the papers with a lateral resolution of 1 μm. The resulting Raman images visualise the detailed chemical structure of the papers including all components such as the different types of cellulose fibre, filler pigments, sizing agents, colour pigments and also inadvertently added trace particles, such as minerals or products of biological activity. The results of the paper analysis are discussed in connection with their use for the detailed characterisation and dating of paper.

中文翻译：

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纸的新见解—使用拉曼显微镜进行化学纸分析

拉曼显微镜测量用于分析15世纪和19世纪的三篇旧论文的详细化学成分和结构。拉曼映射测量是在纸张的表面和横截面上进行的，横向分辨率为1μm。所得的拉曼图像使纸的详细化学结构可视化，包括所有成分，例如不同类型的纤维素纤维，填料颜料，上浆剂，彩色颜料，以及不经意添加的痕量颗粒，例如矿物质或生物活性产品。讨论了论文分析的结果，并将其用于论文的详细表征和定年。