The atmospheric moisture transport processes are of great importance to the occurrence and intensity of precipitation extremes. In this paper, we review the linkage between processes, including the large‐scale atmospheric circulation, atmospheric moisture transport, and extreme precipitation events. We first summarize the thermodynamic and dynamic processes and moisture transport trackings for historical precipitation extremes. We then focus on the contribution of three major atmospheric moisture transport pathways, that is, atmospheric rivers, low‐level jets, and tropical cyclones, to the occurrence and intensity of regional precipitation extremes. Studies on large‐scale atmospheric circulation driving water vapor transport for precipitation extremes over East Asia and North America were specifically reviewed for the understanding of physical mechanisms and predictability of moisture transport and extreme precipitation events. We then pay more attention to the effects of global warming on atmospheric moisture transport, and thus regional precipitation extremes from the perspectives of thermodynamic and dynamic changes of the atmosphere. In the end, we summarize future research challenges on the physical mechanisms of atmospheric moisture transport that are associated with regional precipitation extremes, especially under a warming climate.

中文翻译：

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与极端降水相关的全球大气水汽输送：机理和气候变化影响

大气水汽传输过程对极端降水的发生和强度非常重要。在本文中，我们回顾了过程之间的联系，包括大规模的大气环流，大气中的水分输送和极端降水事件。首先，我们总结了历史极端降水的热力学和动力学过程以及水分输送跟踪。然后，我们重点关注大气中的河流，低空急流和热带气旋这三种主要的大气水分传输路径对极端区域降水的发生和强度的贡献。为了了解物理机制，水分输送和极端降水事件的可预测性，专门审查了大规模大气环流驱动水蒸气运移至东亚和北美极端降水的研究。然后，我们将从大气的热力学和动态变化的角度更加关注全球变暖对大气水分传输的影响，从而关注极端降水。最后，我们总结了与区域极端降水（尤其是在变暖的气候下）相关的大气水分传输物理机制的未来研究挑战。然后，我们将从大气的热力学和动态变化的角度更加关注全球变暖对大气水分传输的影响，从而关注极端降水。最后，我们总结了与区域极端降水（尤其是在变暖的气候下）相关的大气水分传输物理机制的未来研究挑战。然后，我们将从大气的热力学和动态变化的角度更加关注全球变暖对大气水分传输的影响，从而关注极端降水。最后，我们总结了与区域极端降水（尤其是在变暖的气候下）相关的大气水分传输物理机制的未来研究挑战。