This systematic review examined the efficacy of all augmentation approaches for first‐line posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) interventions. From 9,890 records, 34 trials were eligible for inclusion, covering 28 different augmentation approaches. Overall, augmentation approaches were ineffective if they targeted a mechanism similar to the first‐line treatment. Augmentation approaches combining two guideline‐recommended treatments were largely ineffective, reflecting ceiling effects. Pharmacological augmentation approaches targeting fear extinction mechanisms were largely ineffective, or worsened outcomes relative to prolonged exposure alone, as these approaches may inadvertently strengthen fear memories. Augmentation approaches targeting general cognitive enhancement showed promise and provided support for augmentation interventions that require little cognitive or emotional work and target mechanisms different than the first‐line treatment.

中文翻译：

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创伤后应激障碍的增强治疗：系统评价

这项系统的审查检查了所有增强方法对一线创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）干预的有效性。从9,890笔记录中，有34项试验符合纳入条件，涉及28种不同的增强方法。总体而言，如果增强疗法的目标机制类似于一线治疗，则是无效的。结合两种指南推荐的治疗方法的增强方法在很大程度上无效，反映了天花板效应。相对于长时间的暴露，针对恐惧消灭机制的药理增强方法在很大程度上无效或结果恶化，因为这些方法可能会无意间增强恐惧记忆。